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W. Randolph Chitwood Jr., M.D., FACS, FRCS (Eng)
Senior Associate Vice-Chancellor for Health Affairs
Director, East Carolina Heart Institute
Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery
Greenville, North Carolina

252.744.4822

Name: Walter Randolph Chitwood, Jr.

Contact Information:
Home:
146 Longmeadow Road, Greenville, North Carolina 27858
Phone Number: (252) 754-2629

Office:
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Department of Surgery
Room 277, PCMH Teaching Annex
600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
E-mail address: chitwoodw@ecu.edu
URL: http://www.ecu.edu/surgery/
Phone Number: (252) 744-4822
Fax Number: (252) 744-3051

Marital Status: Married to Tamara Shayne Whitt in 1968

Children:
Anne Richmond Chitwood Merchant
Walter Randolph Chitwood III

Specialties:
Adult Cardiac Surgery
General Thoracic Surgery

Surgical Interests:
Clinical:
Aortic Root Reconstruction
Complex Coronary Revascularization
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Mitral and Aortic Valve Repair and Reconstruction
Surgical Robotics/Robotic Cardiac Surgery
Valvular Heart Disease
Academic:
Allograft Arterial Conduits
Robotic Engineering
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Myocardial Preservation

Education:
University:
1964-1968
B.S. in Economics and History
Hampden-Sydney College
Hampden-Sydney, Virginia

1971-1974
M.D.
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia

Honory:
May 2005
Doctor of Sciene, honoris causa
Hampden-Sydney College
Hampden-Sydney, Virginia

Postdoctoral Training:
1974-1975
Surgical Intern
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

1975-1976
Junior Assistant Resident
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

1978-1982
Senior Assistant Resident
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

1982-1983
Chief Resident in General and Thoracic Surgery
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

1983-1984
Teaching Scholar in Cardiothoracic Surgery
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Research Fellowship:
1976-1978
Cardiovascular Physiology - Dr. Andrew Wechsler
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Licensures: North Carolina, Kentucky (1988-2002)

Certifications:
Diplomate of the National Board of Medical Examiners

Diplomate of the American Board of Surgery
(Recertified January 1993-2005)

Diplomate of the American Board of Thoracic Surgery
(Recertified December 2005-2016)

Employment:
1968-1970
Textile Chemist
E.I. Dupont de Nemours & Company, Inc.
Wilmington, Delaware

1970-1971
Biology Instructor
Hampden-Sydney College
Hampden-Sydney, Virginia

1974-1984
Surgical Resident
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

1984-1988
Professor of Surgery
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

Chief, Division of Cardiac Surgery
East Carolina University School of Medicine and
Pitt County Memorial Hospital
Greenville, North Carolina

1986-present
Adjunct Professor of Physiology
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1988-1989
Chief of Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery and
Director of Cardiothoracic residency Program
University of Kentucky Medical Center
Lexington, Kentucky

Chief of Cardiac Surgery
Veterans Administration Hospital
Lexington, Kentucky

Consultant
Central Baptist Hospital
Lexington, Kentucky

Consultant
St. Joseph Hospital
Lexington, Kentucky

1989-1996
Vice Chairman of the Department of Surgery
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Pitt County Memorial Hospital
Greenville, North Carolina

1989-present
Director of the Heart Center
University Health Systems of Eastern North Carolina (new
name of Pitt County Memorial Hospital as of January 1999)
Greenville, North Carolina

Professor and Chief of the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University(new
name of Medical School as of December 1999)
University Health Systems of Eastern North Carolina
Greenville, North Carolina

1990 (September-November)
Professor of Surgery
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

Acting Chairmanof the Department of Surgery
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Pitt County Memorial Hospital
Greenville, North Carolina

1996-present
Professor of Surgery
Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina

1996-2003
Chairman of the Department of Surgery
Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
University Health Systems of Eastern North Carolina
Greenville, North Carolina

2001-present
Adjunct Professor of Excercise and Sport Science
East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina

2003-present
Senior Associate Vice Chancellor (Cardiovascular Diseases)
Health Sciences Division
Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University

Chief of Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery
Brody School of Medicine
Pitt County Memorial Hospital

Research Experience:
1970-1971
Hampden-Sydney College
Department of Biology -- E. A. Crawford
Subject: Embryonic Development
Hampden-Sydney, Virginia

1971-1972
University of Virginia
Department of Anatomy -- Dr. Richard Keefe
Subject: Retinal Development and Transplantation
Charlottesville, Virginia

1976-1978
Duke University Medical Center and Durham Veterans Administration
Department of Surgery -- Dr. Andrew Wechsler
Subject: Coronary Artery Physiology and Ventricular Function
Durham, North Carolina

1981
Asheville Veterans Administration Hospital
Department of Surgery -- Dr. Stewart Scott
Subject: Measurement of Graft Compliance Using Sonomicrometry
Asheville, North Carolina

1984-1988
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Subject: Development of a Cardiac Physiology Laboratory:
Ventricular Function, Blood Flow, and Metabolism
Greenville, North Carolina

1988-1989
University of Kentucky
Subjects: Ventricular Function, Coronary Blood Flow, and Organ Preservation
Lexington, Kentucky

1989-present
Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
Subjects: Ventricular Function and Metabolism, Coronary
Blood Flow, Myocardial Preservation, Endothelial Function,
and Myocardial Molecular Biology
Greenville, North Carolina

1998-present
Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
Subjects: Robotics and Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Greenville, North Carolina

Committees:
Local:
1984-1989
Ad Hoc Committee for the Development of the Heart Center (Chairman)
Board of Directors of the Carolina Organ Procurement Agency

1984-1995
Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit Committee

1984-present
Department of Surgery Executive Committee

1986-1989
Human Organ Transplantation Committee

1989-1998
Department of Surgery Personnel Committee

1989-present
Board of Directors for the Medical Faculty Practice Plan
Operating Room Committee

1990-present
Executive Committee of the Heart Center (Chairman)

1995-1997
Leo Jenkins Cancer Center Executive Committee

1997-1998
Steering Committee of the East Carolina Health Organization

1997-present
Chiefs of Services Committee
Clinical Chairs Committee
Finance Committee of the East Carolina Health Organization
Graduate Medical Education Policy Committee
Group Practice Management Advisory Committee
Surgicenter Board of Trustees
Surgicenter Executive Committee
Wellness Center Physician Advisory Committee

1999-present
Executive Commitee of the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University

2000-2001
Ad Hoc Executive Committee of the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
ECU Physicians Practice Plan Board Ad Hoc Committee
Executive Council of the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University
M-4 Student Review and Promotion Committee
Research Committee

State:
1990-1995
Executive Council of the American College of Cardiology,
North Carolina Chapter (Councilor)

1991-1992
Research Review Committee of the American Heart
Association, North Carolina Affiliate

1992
North Carolina Health Coordinating Council Task Force on Cardiac Surgery

1992-1998
Board of Directors of the American Heart Association, North Carolina Affiliate

1994
American Heart Association, North Carolina Affiliate (President-elect)

1995-1996
American Heart Association, North Carolina Affiliate (President)

1995-2005
North Carolina Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Task Force

1996-1997 American Heart Association, North Carolina Affiliate (Immediate Past President)

National:
1988-1991
Anesthesiology, Radiology, and Cardiothoracic Surgery
Research Study Committee of the American Heart Association

1988-1994
Cardiovascular Surgery Committee of the American College of Cardiology

1988-1995
American College of Cardiology (Abstract Grader)

1990
National Institutes of Health (Ad Hoc Reviewer for the Surgery and Bioengineering Study Section)
Society of University Surgeons (Nominating Committee)

1990-1995
American Heart Association (Abstract Grader)

1992-1995
American College of Chest Physicians (Abstract Grader)

1993-1996
Steering Committee of the American College of Chest
Physicians, Cardiac Surgery Section (Chairman)

1994
Program Committee for the Annual International Scientific
Assembly of the American College of Chest Physicians

1994-1997
American College of Chest Physicians Board of Regents (Designated Regent)
Database Research and Development Committee of the American College of Cardiology

1994-2000
Economics of Health Care Delivery Committee of the American College of Cardiology

1995-1996
Public Affairs Committee of the American College of Chest Physicians

1995-1997
Committee on Health and Science Policy for the American College of Chest Physicians

1995-2000
Coordinating Committee for Continuing Education in Thoracic Surgery for the Society of Thoracic Surgeons

1996-1998
Examination Consultant Committee of the American Board of Thoracic Surgery

1996-2001
Executive Committee of the American Heart Association's Council on Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (Member-at-Large)
Joint Committee on New Technology Assessment for the Society of Thoracic Surgeons

1997
Ad Hoc Task Force on Practice Expense for the American College of Cardiology
Program Committee of the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association

1997-2000
Young Investigators Awards Committee of the American College of Cardiology

1998-2002
Board of Trustees at Hampden-Sydney College

1999-2000
Information Technology Committee of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Coordinating Committee for Continuing Education in Thoracic Surgery
Program Committee of the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association (Chair)

1999-2001
Annals Liaison Committee of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Society of Heart Valve Disease (Secretary General)

1999-2002
Cardiovascular Surgery Committee of the American College of Cardiology (Chair)
Transplant and End-Stage Heart Failure Committee of the American College of Cardiology

1999-2005
Program Committee of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons

1999-present
Committee on New Technology Assessment for the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American Association for Thoracic Surgery

2000-present
Council of the Society for Thoracic Surgeons (Councilor-at-Large)
Corporate Committee of the Thoracic Surgery Foundation for Research and Education

2001-2002
International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (President-Elect)
Program Committee of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Society for Heart Valve Disease (President-Elect)

2001-2004
Program Committee of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (Member-at-Large)

2002-2003
International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (President)

2003-2004
CTS net Board of Directors

2003-2005
Society for Heart Valve Disease (President)

2003-2004
Education Committee
American Association for Thoracic Surgery

2004-2004
Committee on New Technology Assessment
American Association for Thoracic Surgery

2003-2004
Vice Chair of the International Relations Committee
The American College of Surgeons

2003-2006
Video-Based Education Committee
The American College of Surgeons

2006-2007
Second Vice President
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Honorary Fraternities:
Alpha Omega Alpha
Omicron Delta Kappa
Phi Kappa Phi
Pi Delta Epsilon
Sigma Xi

Social Fraternity:
Pi Kappa Alpha

Professional Societies:
American Association for History of Medicine

American Association for Thoracic Surgery

American Surgical Association (Fellow)

American College of Cardiology (Fellow)

American College of Chest Physicians (Fellow)

American College of Surgeons (Fellow)

American Heart Association

American Medical Association

American Osler Society

American Physiological Society

American Thoracic Society

Argentine Society of Cardiology (Honorary)

Association for Academic Surgery

Association for Patient-Oriented Research

Association of Program Directors in Surgery

Cardiothoracic Surgery Biology Club

David C. Sabiston, Jr., M.D. Surgical Society

European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery

International Society for Heart Transplantation

International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (Past-president)

International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons

North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology

North Carolina Medical Society

North Carolina Surgical Association

North Carolina Thoracic Society

Pitt County Medical Society

Royal College of Surgeons of England (Fellow by Election)

Royal Society of Medicine (Fellow)

Societe Internationale de Chirurgie

Society for Heart Valve Disease (Past-president)

Society for Thoracic Surgical Education

Society of Surgical Chairmen

Society of Thoracic Surgeons (Second Vice President)

Society of University Surgeons

Southern Surgical Association (Fellow)

Southern Thoracic Surgical Association (Vice President)

Surgical Biology Club III

Walter J. Pories, M.D. Surgical Society

Will C. Sealy, M.D. Surgical Society

The Halsted Society

Research Awards and Grants:
1976-1978 National Institutes of Health - National Research Service Award

1977-1978 Research Grant from the American Heart Association, North Carolina Chapter
Subject: New Method for Measuring Regional Blood Flow

1978 University of Virginia - John Horsley Research Prize
Subject: Effect of Hypothermic Perfusion on Collateral Coronary Circulation

1984 - 1985 Research Grant from the American Heart Association, North Carolina Chapter AHA
Subject: Retrograde Coronary Sinus Cardioplegia in a Collateral Model

1985 - 1986 Medtronic Corporation Grant
Subject: Evaluation of a Bio-absorbable Graft Material in Growing Aortas

1987 - 1988 Research Grant from the American Heart Association, North Carolina Chapter
Subject: Protection of Hypertrophied Hearts by Retrograde Cardioplegia

1988 - 1989 Veteran's Administration Research Grant
Subject: Protection of Hypertrophied Myocardium Using Retrograde Cardioplegia

1999 - present U.S. Surgical Center of Excellence Grant
Subject: Minimally Invasive Surgery

Regional, National, and International Presentations:
1977
Spring Cardiovascular Symposium
Durham, North Carolina

American College of Surgeons
Dallas, Texas

1978
Society for Thoracic Surgeons
Orlando, Florida

Spring Cardiovascular Symposium
Durham, North Carolina

American Physiological Society
St. Louis, Missouri

American College of Surgeons
San Francisco, California

1979
American College of Cardiology
Miami, Florida

Spring Cardiovascular Symposium
Durham, North Carolina

Fifth Workshop on Contractile Behavior of the Heart
Antwerp, Belgium

Max Planck Institute for Physiology
Bad Nauheim, West Germany

American College of Surgeons
Chicago, Illinois

1980
Spring Cardiovascular Symposium
Durham, North Carolina

Association of Academic Surgery
Birmingham, Alabama

1981
American College of Cardiology
San Francisco, California

Society of Surgery for the Alimentary Tract
New York, New York

1984
American College of Surgeons
San Francisco, California

1986
International Symposium on Thromboembolism
Gleneagles, Scotland

1987
Society for Thoracic Surgical Education
Phoenix, Arizona

American Heart Association
Anaheim, California

1988
Third International Symposium on Myocardial Protection Via the Coronary Sinus
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Association for Academic Surgery
Salt Lake City, Utah

American Heart Association
Washington, District of Columbia

1990
American College of Cardiology
New Orleans, Louisiana

North Carolina Surgical Association
Pinehurst, North Carolina

Western Thoracic Surgical Association
San Diego, California

Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Chicago, Illinois

American Heart Association
Dallas, Texas

1991
American College of Surgeons
Chicago, Illinois

American Heart Association
Anaheim, California

1992
AmSect Region VII Perfusion Meeting
Denver, Colorado

American College of Cardiology
Dallas, Texas

North Carolina Surgical Association
Sea Island, Georgia

Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
Wesley Chapel, Florida

American College of Chest Physicians
Chicago, Illinois

American Heart Association
New Orleans, Louisiana

1993
Second Annual Cardiovascular Conference
Beaver Creek, Colorado

St. Jude Medical Cardiac Surgery Fellowship Symposium
Minneapolis, Minnesota

American College of Cardiology, North Carolina Chapter
Asheville, North Carolina

Association for Academic Surgery
Houston, Texas

Thirty-fifth World Congress International Society of Surgery
Retrograde Cardioplegia for Complex Valve Operations
Hong Kong, China

1994
Will C. Sealy Cardiovascular Symposium
Macon, Georgia

American College of Cardiology
Atlanta, Georgia

International Symposium on Myocardial Protection from Surgical Ischemic Reperfusion Injury
Asheville, North Carolina

Second International Symposium on Myocardial Preservation: Looking Toward the 21st Century
Chicago, Illinois

American College of Chest Surgeons
New Orleans, Louisiana

1995
David C. Sabiston, Jr. Surgical Society
Durham, North Carolina

1996
North Carolina Surgical Association
Hot Springs, Virginia

North Carolina Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Task Force
Greenville, North Carolina

Eastern Regional Cardiac Conference
Greenville, North Carolina

Internal Medicine Update Meeting
Atlantic Beach, North Carolina

American College of Chest Physicians
San Francisco, California

American Heart Association
New Orleans, Louisiana

1997
Beaufort County Medical Society
Washington, North Carolina

Sixteenth Live Teleconference on Pathophysiology and Techniques of Cardiopulmonary Bypass
San Diego, California

American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Washington, District of Columbia

Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation
Minneapolis, Minnesota

South Atlantic Cardiovascular Society
Williamsburg, Virginia

Rocky Mountain Valve Symposium VII
Missoula, Montana

International Symposium on Myocardial Protection for Surgical Ischemic Reperfusion Injury
Asheville, North Carolina

American College of Surgeons
Chicago, Illinois

American Heart Association
Orlando, Florida

American College of Chest Physicians
Cancun, Mexico

1998
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation and Technology Meeting
Rancho Mirage, California

Fourth Symposium of Current Trends in Thoracic Surgery
New Orleans, Louisiana

Society for Thoracic Surgical Education
Grand Cayman, Bahamas

Medical Device Forum on Minimally Invasive Coronary Surgery
Stanford, California

Cardiac Surgery Symposium for Thoracic Surgery Residents
Minneapolis, Minnesota

First Annual Update for Cardiologists
Atlanta, Georgia

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Conference
Atlanta, Georgia

North Carolina Surgical Association
Southern Pines, North Carolina

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Conference on Current Techniques in Video-Assisted Cardiac Surgery
Boston, Massachusetts

Seaboard Medical Association
Nags Head, North Carolina

Cardiac Care and Results Conference
Henry's Fork, Idaho

Rocky Mountain Valve Symposium VIII
Missoula, Montana

66th Annual Symposium of the American Heart Association - Western States Affiliate
Los Angeles, California

Tenth Annual Symposium of Transcatheter Cardiovascular Therapeutics
Washington, District of Columbia

Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
Orlando, Florida

The Magic of Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Comprehensive Training Program
Cincinnati, Ohio

1999
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation & Technology Meeting
Scottsdale, Arizona

Southeastern Surgical Nurses Association
Tampa, Florida

Cardiothoracic Techniques and Technology Meeting
San Antonio, Texas

Twelfth Annual Peak Performance Heart Valve Surgery Symposium
Alberta, Canada

American Association for Thoracic Surgery Adult Cardiac Surgery Symposium
New Orleans, LA

World Symposium on Heart Valve Disease
London, England

Cardiac Care and Results Conference
Henry's Fork, Idaho

Rocky Mountain Valve Symposium IX
Missoula, Montana

Live Teleconference on Pioneering Techniques in Cardiac Surgery: The Standard of Tomorrow
Leipzig, Germany

Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
San Juan, Puerto Rico

2000
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation and Technology Meeting
San Diego, California

Hoag Heart Institute Symposium
Newport Beach, California

Technically Challenging Procedures in Adult Cardiac Surgery:
The Ultimate "How To Do It" Course
Mashantucket, Connecticut

European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery - Satellite Symposium
Frankfurt, Germany

Pioneering Technology in Cardiothoracic Surgery Techniques Symposium
Leipzig, Germany

Mitral Valve Repair IX
Washington, District of Columbia

Twelfth Annual Transcatheter Cardiovascualar Therapeutics Symposium
Washington, District of Columbia

Operating Room Technology for the New Millennium Workshop
Piitsburgh, Pennsylvania

The International Society of Cardio-Thoracic Surgeons Tenth World Congress
Vancouver, Canada

Seventh World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery
Singapore, Singapore

Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: Outcomes, Innovations, and Future Directions
Key West, Florida

St. Jude Medical Institute's Second Annual Mitral Reconstructive Surgery Symposium
Milan, Italy

Rocky Mountain Valve Symposium X
Missoula, Montana

Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Fort Lauderdale, Florida

Robotics in Cardiac Surgery: The 1st North American Perspective
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

2001
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation and Technology Meeting
Laguna Beach, California

Saudi Arabian Heart Association
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

37th Annual Meeting of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons
New Orleans, LA

Society for Heart Valve Disease Meeting
London, England

International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Munich, Germany

Southern Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery
Osaka, Japan

University of South Carolina - School of Medicine
11th Annual Cardiology Symposium
Columbia, South Carolina

15th Annual USUHS/WRAMC Cardiothoracic Surgery Symposium
Bethesda, Maryland

Controversies in Adult Cardiac Surgery Meeting
Los Angeles, California

87th Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons
New Orleans, Louisiana

Edwards Lifesciences Residents 2001 Program
Newport Beach, California

Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
San Antonio, Texas

American Heart Association, San Antonio Division
Cardiovascular Society
San Antonio, Texas

2002
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation and Technology Meeting
Dana Point, California

38th Annual Meeting of the Society for Thoracic Surgeons
Fort Lauderdale, Florida

The 15th Annual Cardiology Update
Miami, Florida

The Society for Thoracic Surgical Education
New York, New York

The Columbia Course on Minimally Invasive and Robotic Cardiac Surgery
New York, New York

51st Annual American College of Cardiology Scientific Meeting
Atlanta, Georgia

Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Meeting
New York, New York

31st Annual Meeting of the German Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Leipzig, Germany

82nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Washington, District of Columbia

Taiwan Society of Cardiology
Taipei, Taiwan

88th Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons
San Francisco, California

Bay Area Society of Thoracic Surgeons
San Francisco, California

Huntington Rotary Club
Huntington, West Virginia

Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
Miami Beach, Florida

Raleigh Area Chapter of the American Association of Critical Care Nurses
Raleigh, North Carolina

First Interactive Symposium on Latest Advances in Cardiac Surgery
Salerno, Italy

Maimonides Medical Center - Conference on New Approaches to Heart Disease: Interventional Surgery
Brooklyn, New York

Pioneering Techniques in Cardiac Surgery Symposium
Leipzig, Germany

State of the Heart - A Comprehensive Cardiovascular Symposium
West Chester, Pennsylvania

Fourth Triennial Brigham Cardiac Valve Symposium
Boston, Massachusetts

Continuing Medical Education Breakfast Symposium
Chicago, Illinois

2003
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation & Technology Meeting
Dana Point, California

Second Annual Tech-Con Conference
Society for Thoracic Surgeons
San Diego, California

39th Annual Society of Thoracic Surgeons Meeting
San Diego, California

Continuing Medical Education Breakfast Symposium
San Diego, California

52nd Annual American College of Cardiology Meeting
Chicago, Illinois

83rd Annual American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Boston, Massachusetts

Innovations in Cardiac Surgery 2003 Symposium
Boston, Massachusetts

Continuing Medical Education Symposium
Boston, Massachusetts

30th Annual Day of Surgery
Medical Center of Central Georgia
Macon, Georgia

Medical Math Conference - East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina

Sixth Annual International Society of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
San Francisco, California

Update on Cardiovascular Diseases
Naples, Italy

Second Biennial Meeting - Society for Heart Valve Disease
Paris, France

Phi Kappa Phi Southeast Region Mid-Triennial Conference
Charleston, South Carolina

77^th Annual Meeting of the Halsted Society
Boston, Massachusetts

Controversies in Adult Cardiac Surgery
Santa Monica, California

Coalescent Surgical Education Forum
Las Vegas, Nevada

International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons
13^th World Congress
San Diego, California

American Heart Association Scientific Session
Orlando, Florida 

2004
New Era Cardiac Care: Innovation & Technology Meeting
Dana Point, California

Second Annual Tech-Con Conference
Society for Thoracic Surgeons
San Antonio, Texas

40th Annual Society of Thoracic Surgeons Meeting
San Antonio, Texas

Society for Thoracic Surgical Education
Big Sur, California

Atrial Fibrillation: Emerging Techniques for Catheter & Surgical Ablation Conference
New Orleans, Louisiana

53rd Annual Scientific Session American College of Cardiology New Orleans, Louisiana

CREF 2004 - 24th Annual San Diego Cardiothoracic Surgery Symposium, Science and Techniques of Perfusion
San Diego, California

International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery
Maui, Hawaii

Advanced Cardiac Techniques in Surgery (ACTS)
New York, New York

American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Toronto, Ontario

Phi Kappa Phi Triennial Convention
Albuquerque, New Mexico

11^th Annual Joint Meeting American College of Cardiology
South Carolina & North Carolina Chapters
Kiawah, South Carolina

90^th Clinical Congress American College of Surgeons
General Session - Application of Robotic Surgery in all Surgical Specialties
New Orleans, Louisiana

50^th Anniversary of Open Heart Surgery by Cross Circulation
The University of Minnesota and the Lillehei Heart Institute
Minneapolis, Minnesota

51^st Annual Meeting Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
Cancun, Mexico

North Carolina Perfusion Society
Greenville, North Carolina

2005
New Era Cardiac Care Conference
Dana Point, California

41^st Annual Meeting Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Tampa, Florida

Annual Society for Thoracic Surgical Education Meeting
Key Largo, Florida

The Summit at Sea Level
Ponte Vedral, Florida

American Association for Thoracic Surgery Annual Meeting
San Francisco, California

First Annual Meeting Heart Valve Society of America
New York, New York

Second Annual Carolina Valve Symposium
Greenville, North Carolina

International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
New York, New York

Society for Heart Valve Disease Third Biennial Meeting
Vancouver, Canada

American Association for Thoracic Surgery Postgraduate Course
Advanced Therapies for Valvular Heart Disease
Chicago, Illinois

American College of Surgeons Scientific Session
San Francisco, California

American Heart Association Scientific Session
Dallas, Texas

2006
Ninth Annual New Era Cardiac Care Conference: Innovation & Technology
Newport Beach, California

Pacific RIM Robotics Program
Anaheim, California

Association of Physicians Assistants in Cardiovascular Surgery
Chicago, Illinois

42^nd Annual Meeting - Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Chicago, Illinois

26^th Annual Cardiothoracic Surgery (CREF) Conference
San Diego, California

86^th Annual Meeting American Association for Thoracic Surgery
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

2006 North Florida Cardiovascular Symposium
Ponte Vedra, Florida

Second Annual Meeting for the Heart Valve Society of America
Valvular Heart Disease: New Strategies
Las Vegas, Nevada

Annual Scientific Meeting
International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiothoracic Surgery ‘06
San Francisco, California

NC Chapter – American College of Surgeons Annual Meeting
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina

80^th Annual Meeting – The Halsted Society
Charleston, South Carolina

New Jersey Society of Thoracic Surgeons Meeting
Iselin, New Jersey

AIMS on BioDesign Summit
Atlanta, Georgia

First International Symposium on Robotic Surgery
Chicago, Illinois

92^nd Clinical Congress
American College of Surgeons
Chicago, Illinois

Visiting Professorships:
1984
Earle Glendy Memorial Lecture
"Long Term Survival Following Coronary Artery Surgery"
Roanoke Memorial Hospital, University of Virginia Affiliate
Roanoke, Virginia

Pediatrics Day
"Surgical Correction of Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1985
Pearls Lecture
"Masterword in Medicine"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1986
Pearls Lecture
"Cardiac Injuries"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1987
Pearls Lecture
"The True Physician"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1988
Alpha Omega Alpha Symposium
"Arrhythmia and New Valve Techniques"
University of Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky

Annual Postgraduate Course
"Cardiac Transplantation"
Roanoke Memorial Hospital
Roanoke, Virginia

1989
Surgical Grand Rounds
"Valve Repair Techniques"
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Cincinnati, Ohio

1991
Horace A. Smithy Lecture
"The Evolution of Scientific Surgery: The Shadow of John Hunter"
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina

1992
Surgical Grand Rounds
"Myocardial Preservation: Clinical Decision Making"
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan

1993
"Surgical Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease"
Matsuyama Cardiovascular Medical Center
Matsuyama, Japan

1994
"Mitral Valve Repair"
Philadelphia Heart Institute
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Mitral Valve Repair: A Modern Challenge"
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

1995
Alpha Epsilon Delta Premedical Honor Society
"The Good Physician"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

Hampden-Sydney Medical Society
"How to Become a Physician"
Hampden-Sydney College
Hampden-Sydney, Virginia

1996
Grand Rounds
"Mitral Valve Repair: The Physiologic Option"
University of Rochester
Rochester, New York

1997
Symposium to Honor Will C. Sealy
"Evolution of Scientific Surgery"
Medical Center of Central Georgia
Macon, Georgia

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery"
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Cardiothoracic Grand Rounds
"Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Work in Progress"
"Evolution of Scientific Surgery"
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia

The Baxter G. Noble Memorial Lecture
"The Rise of Scientific Surgery"
East Carolina University School of Medicine
Greenville, North Carolina

1998
Cardiology Grand Rounds
"Video-assisted Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: A Vision of the Future"
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Evolution of Scientific Surgery: The Shadow of John Hunter"
University of Massachusetts Medical Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Lamar Soutter Lecture on Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery
"Videoscopic Mitral Valve Surgery"
University of Massachusetts Medical Center
Worcester, Massachusetts

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Work in Progress"
Penn State Geisinger Health System/Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Richard Cleveland Lecture
"Minimally Invasive Surgical Technologies"
New England Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Cardiothoracic Grand Rounds
"The New Era of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery"
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

1999
Cardiac Surgery Grand Rounds
"Trekking Toward an Endoscopic Mitral Valve Operation"
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Grand Rounds
"Minimally Invasive Video-assisted Mitral Valve Surgery: Trek to an Endoscopic Operation"
Columbia University
New York, New York

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Cardiac Robotics: Is It a Reality?"
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

2000
Clarence E. Gardner Lecture
"The Evolution of Scientific Surgery - John Hunter's Shadow"
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Grand Rounds
"Surgical Robotics"
Medical University of South Carolina
Charleston, South Carolina

Cardiothoracic Surgical Grand Rounds
"Videoscopic and Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery at the Dawn of the New Millennium"
University of Toronoto Medical Center
Toronto, Canada

2001
National Heart Hospital Surgical Lecture
"Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery"
Brompton Hospital
Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine
London, England

V.I. Bourakovsky Lecture & Bouakovsky Medal #5
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery: The 21st Century"
A.N. Bakulev Cardiovascular Surgery Scientific
Centre of the Russian Academy of Medical Science
Moscow, Russia

Claude S. Beck Lecture
"Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery: In the Shadow of Beck and Cutler"
University Hospitals of Cleveland
Cleveland, Ohio

John Streider Memorial Lecture
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery: The Future or Not?"
Boston University Medical Center
Boston, Massachusetts

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery"
King Fasial Specialist Hospital
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Grand Rounds
"Robotic Cardiac Surgeon: The Future or Not?"
San Antonio Cardiovascular Society
University of Texas Health Science Center
San Antonio, Texas

C. Waton Lillehei Memorial Lecture
"Robotic Surgery"
Advanced Cardiac Physiology and Anatomy Symposium
Lillehei Heart Institute
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Less Invasive Approaches to the Mitral Valve"
University of Minnesota Medical School
Minneapolis, Minnesota

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: The Past, Present, and Future"
University of Louisville Health Science Center
Louisville, Kentucky

Visiting Professor Lecture
"Robotics in Cardiac Surgery: Today and the Future"
Dayton Heart Hospital
Dayton, Ohio

2002
Joel Roslyn, M.D. Lecture
"Robotic Surgery: State of the Art"
MCP Hahnemann University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

D. Hayes Agnew Lecture
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery: Perhaps the Future"
University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Cardiothoracic Surgery Grand Rounds
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery"
University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal and Cardiac Surgery: Physicians and Nurses Conference
"Robot Assisted Mitral Valve Surgery"
Hackensack University Medical Center
Hackensack, New Jersey

Cardiothoracic Surgery Grand Rounds
"Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery"
Long Island Jewish Medical Center
New Hyde Park, New York

Baffes Memorial Lecture
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery--Now and the Future"
Children's Memorial Hospital
Chicago, Illinois

Symposium for the Cardiothoracic Surgery Residents
Off-pump Training Program
"Robotics in Cardiac Surgery"
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery"
University of Florida at Gainesville
Gainesville, Florida

Surgery Resident Research Day
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery: Fact or Fantasy"
Wake Forest University School of Medicine"
Winston Salem, North Carolina

2003
Cardiothoracic Grand Rounds
"Robotics and Mitral Valve Repair"
University of Texas - Houston Medical School
Houston, Texas

Surgical Grand Rounds
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery: Part of the Future"
Upstate Medial University College of Medicine
Syracuse, New York

T. Cook Smith Lecturer
"The Evolution fo Scientific Surgery: John Hunter Casts His Shadow"
The Innominate Society of Louisville
Louisville, Kentucky

Cardiothoracic Resident's Research Day
"Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery: Gone With the Wind or Here to Stay"
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia

Phi Kappa Phi Southeast Region Mid-Triennial Conference
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery from Technology to Patient Care"
Charleston, South Carolina

Coalescent Surgical Educational Forum
New Techniques in Minimally Invasive Valve Repair & Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
"Robotic Mitral Valve Repair: Clinical Results"
"East Carolina University: State of the Art Medicine" 
Las Vegas, Nevada

Controversies in Adult Cardiac Surgery
"Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Repair: Can Anybody Do It?"
Cedars-Sinai Heart Center
Los Angeles, California 

The Ibn Nafish Honored Lecture
"Evolution of Cardiac Surgery -the Robotic Era"
Damascus, Syria

International Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons
13^th World Congress
"Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery: State of the Art"
San Diego, California

North Carolina Health Information Management Association's Coastal Carolina Region
"New Technology in Cardiac Surgery: The Robotic Age"
Greenville, North Carolina

Cardiac Innovations Day Symposium
Canadian Heart Research Centre
"Surgical Innovations: Non-invasive Valve Surgery"
Toronto, Ontario

16^th Annual Meeting
The Northeast Cardiothoracic Surgical Society
"Robotic & Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: Truth or Consequences"
East Madison, New Hampshire

American College of Cardiology
No Boundaries: State-of-the Art Medical/Surgical Approaches to Advanced Heart Failure
"Robotics: Implications for Heart Failure"
Uncasville, Connecticut

American Heart Association
Cardiovascular Seminars Session
"Homografts"
Orlando, Florida

2004
Cardiovascular Surgery Conference
Texas Heart Institute
"The Practicality of Setting up A Robotic Program"
Houston, Texas

Cardiology Noon Conference
Texas Heart Institute
"Robotic Mitral Valve and Atrial Fibrillation Surgery"
Houston, Texas

John W. Templeton III, Lecture
Thomas Jefferson University
"Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery: Perhaps the Future"
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Enrique Lopez Innovative & Humanitarian Cardiac Surgery Conference
Memorial Cardiovascular Health Center
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery"
Tampa, Florida

Rankin Lecture
West Virginia Chapter - American College of Surgeons
"Robots in Surgery"
Roanoke, West Virginia

Surgical Grand Rounds
Thomas Jefferson University
"Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery: Perhaps the Future?"
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Surgical Grand Rounds
Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons
"Robotic Mitral Repair"
New York, New York

2005
Surgical Grand Rounds
Annual Stikeman Visiting Professorship
McGill University
"Advanced Technology in Valve Surgery: Robotics and Video Assistance"
Montreal, Canada

Surgical Grand Rounds
The George Washington University Medical Center
"Robotic Cardiac Surgery"
Washington, DC

Surgical Grand Rounds
Geisinger Health System - Department of Surgery
"Innovations in Mitral Valve Surgery: Endoscopic and Robotic Operations"
Danville, Pennsylvania

2006
Cardiac Surgery Lectureship
University of Ottawa Heart Institute
"Robotic Mitral Repair: Here to Stay"
Ottawa, Ontario

Bahnson Lectureship
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Lester L. Vargas Distinguished Lectureship
Brown Medical School - Rhode Island Hospital
"New Techniques and Technology for Mitral Valve Repair"
Providence, Rhode Island

Surgical Grand Rounds
Johns Hopkins Medical Center
"The Evolution of Mitral Repair Surgery: Souttar to DaVinci"
Baltimore, Maryland

Surgical Grand Rounds
University of Missouri - Columbia
"Endoscopic and Robotic Cardiac Surgery"
Columbia, Missouri

Surgical Grand Rounds
University of Western Ontario
London Health Sciences Centre
"The Biggest Risk is Not Taking a Risk - The Pathways to Surgical Innovation"
London, Ontario

Cardiac Surgery Resident Research Day
University of Western Ontario
London Health Sciences Centre
"Robotic Mitral Valve Repair Surgery"
London, Ontario

Cardiothoracic Surgery Teaching Conference
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon
"Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery"

International Academic Visits:
1976
Hospital for Sick Children
Host: Professor Waterston
London, England

Hammersmith Hospital
Host: Professor Richard Welborne
London, England

The Middlesex Hospital
Host: Professor Hobsley
London, England

The Cambridge University Cardiac Transplant Laboratory
Hosts: Professors Calne and English
Cambridge, England

Radcliffe Infirmary at Oxford University
Host: Professor Peter Morris
Oxford, England

Royal College of Surgeons of England
Host: Ms. Elizabeth Allen, Curator of the Hunterian Museum
London, England

Royal Infirmary at the University of Edinburgh
Hosts: Professors Patrick Forrest and Michael Woodruff
Edinburgh, Scotland

Western Infirmary at the University of Glasgow
Hosts: Professors Andrew Kay and Colin McKay
Glasgow, Scotland

1979
Fifth Workshop on Contractile Behavior of the Heart:
Diastole II
Host: Professor Brutsnaert
Antwerp, Belgium

Max Planck Institute for Physiology
Hosts: Professors Wolfgang and Jutta Schaper
Bad Nauheim, West Germany

Rayne Research Institute at St. Thomas' Hospital
Hosts: Professors Braimbridge and Hearse
London, England

Royal College of Surgeons of England
Host: Ms. Elizabeth Allen, Curator of the Hunterian Museum
London, England

Royal College of Physicians of England
Host: Sir Gordon Wolstenholme
London, England

1987
Mitral Valve Repair Workshop at Broussais Hospital
Host: Professor Alain Carpentier
Paris, France

1990
International Symposium on Myocardial Preservation into the Twenty-first Century
Oxford, England

Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Edinburgh, Scotland

1991
International Live Teleconference on Homograft and Autograft Implantation
Hosts: Sir Magdi Yacoub and Mr. Donald Ross
London, England

1992
Advanced Techniques in Mitral Valve Reconstruction at Broussais Hospital
Host: Professor Alain Carpentier
Paris, France

1993
Tokyo Women's Medical College
Host: Professor Juro Wada
Tokyo, Japan

Matsuyama Medical Center
Host: Dr. Yasushi Kasagi
Tokyo, Japan

1997
Meeting on Recent Advances in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: Mitral Valve Replacement at Medizinische
Hochschule/University of Hannover
Hosts: Professor Axel Haverich
Hannover, Germany

Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery Meeting at the University of Vienna School of Medicine
Hosts: Professor Ernest Wolner and Dr. Werner Mohl
Vienna, Austria

1998
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery Meeting at Ospedale San Rafaele
Host: Professor Ottiavio Alfieri
Milan, Italy

Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery Teleconference at Hospital San Leonardo
Hosts: Professors G. Di Benedetto, Alain Carpentier, and Fred Mohr
Salerno, Italy

Latest Techniques in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery and Minimally Invasive Video-assisted Mitral Valve Surgery
Video Conference
Host: Dr. Hugo Vanermen
Brussels, Belgium

Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery Meeting at Osaka University
Host: Professor Hikaru Matsuda
Osaka, Japan

Video-assisted Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery
Meeting at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at Sakakibara Heart Institute
Host: Professor Hitoshi Kasegawa
Tokyo, Japan

Second International Symposium on Controversies in Cardiothoracic Surgery
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Host: Dr. Anthony Yim
Hong Kong, China

International Symposium on the Present State of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: Meet the Experts at the University of Dresden
Host: Professor Stephan Schueler
Dresden, Germany

1999
Le Club Mitrale 1000 (Moderator)
Host: Professor Alain Carpentier
Paris, France

World Symposium on Heart Valve Disease
Host: Dr. Endre Bodnar
London, England

XVII InterAmerican Congress of Cardiology
Host: Dr. Jorge Lerman
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Meeting on Technology in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: Overview of an Updated Repertoire
Host: Drs. Hugo Vanermen and Michael Mack
Glasgow, Scotland

2000
The European Society for Cardiovascular Surgery's Forty-ninth International Congress
Host: Professor Stephan Schueler
Dresden, Germany

Congress International "Chirurgie 2000"
Host: Professor Alain Carpentier
Paris, France

Pioneering Techniques in Cardiothoracic Surgery Techniques Symposium
Host: Professor Fred Mohr
Leipzig, Germany

St Jude Medical Institute - Second Annual Mitral Reconstructive Surgery Symposium
Host: Professor Ottiavio Alfieri
Milan, Italy

Cardiac & General Thoracic Surgery Update
Host: Dr. Anthony J. Del Rossi
Cancun, Mexico

2001
King Faisal Specialist Hospital
Host: Dr. Zohair Al-Halles
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Bakulev Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases
Host: Professor Leo Bokeria
Moscow, Russia

Southern Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery
Kinki University Medical School
Host: Hidetaka Oku
Osaka, Japan

2002
Thirty-first Annual Meeting of the German Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Host: Professor Fred Mohr
Leipzig, Germany

Tawain Society of Cardiology
Host: Dr. Chiang
Taipei, Tawain

First Interactive Symposium on Latest Advances in Cardiac Surgery
Hosts: Drs. Antonia Panza and Paolo Masiello
Salerno, Italy

Pioneering Techniques in Cardiac Surgery Symposium
Host: Professor Fred Mohr
Leipzig, Germany

2003
The Fifth Mitral Valve Reconstruction Meeting
Host: Professor Francis Wells
Cambridge, England

Update on Cardiovascular Diseases: The Latest News for the Clinician
Host: Professor G. D. Angelini
Naples, Italy

Royal College of Surgeons of England
Hosts: Sir Peter Morris; Sir Magdi Yacoub
London, England

51^st Annual Meeting of Japanese College of Cardiology
Host: Satoshi Ogawa, MD
Tokyo, Japan

Sixth Biennial Congress of the Syrian Cardiovascular Association
Host: Sami Kabbani, MD
Damascus, Syria

2004
50^th Golden Jubilee Annual Conference of Indian Association of Cardiovascular - Thoracic Surgeons
Host: Naresh Trehan, MD
New Delhi, India

Hunterian Oration of the Hunterian Society
Host: Dr. F.B. Gibberd
London, England

The International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Winter Workshop
Host: Kitipan V. Arom, MD, PhD
Bangkok, Thailand

2005
The 13^th Annual Meeting of the Asian Society for CV Surgery
Host: Prinya Sakiyalak, MD
Chiang Mai, Thailand

Swedish Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery Annual Meeting
Host: Dr. Pia Myken
Gothenburg, Sweden

Australian Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons Conference
Hosts: Dr. Peter Tesar; Mr. Wayne Taylor
Queensland, Australia

37^th Autumn Annual Meeting
Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Host: Dr. Jae Won Lee
Seoul, Korea

Pioneering Techniques in Cardiac Surgery (The Fourth in Series)
Host: Dr. Friedrich W. Mohr
Leipzig, Germany

2006
International Heart Forum Beijing 2006
Host: Dr. Shengshou Hu

Other Noteworthy Awards:  (partial list)
1988
The Honorable Order of the Kentucky Colonels

1994
M.D. News
"The Heart Center"

1994 - 1995
The Best Doctors in America
Adult Cardiothoracic Surgery

1995
Town and Country Magazine 
The Best Medical Specialists in North America
Diseases of the Heart

Craven County Board of Trustees and Community
Honored for the Development of the Open Heart Program at Craven Regional Medical Center

1997
Hampden-Sydney College
Fellow of Hampden-Sydney College in the Natural Sciences

Southern Living Magazine
"Operating with a Big Heart"

2000
News and Observer (Raleigh, NC)
"Robot streamlines heart surgery"

2003
Phi Kappa Phi Regional Scholar Award

2004
O. Max Gardner Award

Mended Hearts Harken Award

Phi Kappa Phi National Scholar

2006
The Best Doctors in America 2005-2006

Doctoral Thesis:
1973
"An Autoradiographic Study of Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration in Supernumerary and Heteroplastic Optic Transplants"
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia

Avocations:
History of Surgery and Physiology

Photography, Amateur Radio Operator (40 years), Trout Fishing

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

ORIGINAL REPORTS:

Original Research:

1.  Vasquez E, Chitwood Jr WR.  Postcardiotomy delirium:  an overview.  Int J Psychiatry Med.  1975;6:373-383.

2.  Chitwood Jr WR, Barnes RL, Postlethwait RW.  The retrosternal foramen of Morgagni:  massive small bowel herniation.  N C Med J.  1976;37:658-662.

3.  Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Wechsler AS.  Pressure-flow characteristics of the coronary collateral circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass: effects of hypothermic  perfusion.  Surg Forum. 1977;28:268-270.

4.  Chitwood Jr WR, Kleinman LH, Wechsler AS.  Compressive forces of fibrillation in normal hearts during maximal coronary dilation by adenosine.  Surg Forum.  1977;28:257-259.

5.  Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Jr Chitwood WR, Wechsler AS.  Segmental mid-wall myocardial  dimensions in man recorded by sonomicrometry.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  1978;76:235-243.

6.  Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Sink JD, Wechsler AS.  Effects of intermittent potassium cardioplegia (4C) on reperfusion of myocardial regions supplied by collateral coronary arteries.  Surg Forum.  1978;29:269-271.

7.  Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Chitwood Jr WR.  Real-time assessment of regional mid-wall myocardial motion in man.  Surg Forum.  1978;29:256-258.

8.  Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Wechsler AS.  Maintenance of permanently implanted cardiac pressure catheters in experimental animals. Ann Thorac Surg.  1978;26:485-487.

9. Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Wechsler AS.  The effects of intermittent  ischemic arrest on the perfusion of myocardium supplied by collateral coronary arteries.  Ann  Thorac Surg.  1978;26:535-547.

10.  Kleinman LH, Hill RC, Chitwood Jr WR, Hamman JW Jr, Jones KW, Wechsler AS. Regional myocardial dimensions following coronary artery bypass grafting in patients. Relationship of functional deterioration to graft occlusion.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  1979;77:13-23.

11.  Chitwood Jr WR, Sink JD, Hill RC, Wechsler AS, Sabiston DC Jr.  The effects of hypothermia on myocardial oxygen consumption and transmural coronary blood flow in the potassium-arrested heart  Ann Surg.  1979;190:106-116.

12.  Sink JD, Hill RC, Chitwood Jr WR, Abriss R, Wechsler AS.  Effects of phenylephrine on transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow in regions supplied by normal and collateral arteries during cardiopulmonary bypass.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  1979;78:236-243.

13.  Olsen CO, Jones RN, Attarian DE, Hill RC, Sink JD, Chitwood Jr WR, Wechsler AS.  Relationship of LV compliance to coronary artery perfusion pressure in potassium-arrested canine heart during cardiopulmonary bypass. Surg Forum.  1979;30:246-247.

14.  Sink JD, Pellom GL, Currie WD, Chitwood Jr WR, Wechsler AS.  Protection of mitochondrial function during ischemia by potassium cardioplegia:  correlation with ischemic contracture.  Circ J Am Heart Assoc.  1979;60(pt 2):158-163.

15.  Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Sink JD, Sabiston DC Jr, Wechsler AS.  Assessment of ventricular diastolic properties and systolic function in man with sonomicrometry.  Surg Forum.  1979;30:266-268.

16.  Sink JD, Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Wechsler AS.  Comparison of nonpulsatile and pulsatile extracorporeal circulation on renal cortical blood flow.  Ann Thorac Surg. 1980;29:57-62.

17.  Sink JD, Currie WD, Pellom GL, Hill RC, Chitwood Jr WR, Wechsler AS.  Correlation of mitochondrial function and ischemic contracture.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  1980;79:570-578.

18.  Hill RC, Pellom GL, Chitwood Jr WR, Sink JD, Wechsler AS.  The relationship of transmural myocardial flow to mid-wall function.  J Surg Res.  1980;28:306-313.

19.  Hill RC, Chitwood Jr WR, Sink JD, Cox JL, Wechsler AS.  Perioperative assessment of segmental left ventricular function in man.  Effects of  nitroprusside after bypass operations. Arch Surg.  1980;115:609-614.

20.  Sink JD, Attarian DE, Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Pellom GL, Wechsler AS.  An improved technique for producing ventricular hypertrophy with a subcoronary valvular aortic stenosis model.  Ann Thorac Surg.  1980;30:285-290.

21.  Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Sink JD, Sabiston DC Jr, Wechsler AS.  Measurement of global ventricular function in patients during cardiac operations using sonomicrometry.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1980;80:724-735.

22. Chitwood Jr WR, Rankin JS, Bollinger RR, Moylan JA.  Brachial artery reconstruction using the heparin-bonded Sundt shunt.  Surgery. 1981;89:355-358.

23. Austin EH, Mitchell GE, Oliphant M, Killenberg P, Oddson T, Thompson WM, Chitwood Jr WR, Jones RS.  Solitary hepatic cyst and benign bile duct polyp: a heretofore unheralded association.  Surgery. 1981;89:359-363.

24. Hill RC, Chitwood Jr WR, Bashore TM, Sink JD, Cox JL, Wechsler AS.  Coronary flow and regional function before and after supraarterial myotomy for myocardial bridging. Ann Thorac Surg.  1981;31:176-181.

25. Attarian DE, Jones RN, Currie WD, Hill RC, Sink JD, Olsen CO, Chitwood Jr WR, Wechsler AS.  Characteristics of chronic left ventricular hypertrophy induced by subcoronary valvular aortic stenosis.  I.  Myocardial blood flow and metabolism.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1981;81:382-388.

26. Attarian DE, Jones RN, Currie WD, Hill RC, Sink JD, Olsen CO, Chitwood Jr WR, Wechsler AS.  Characteristics of chronic left ventricular hypertrophy induced by subcoronary valvular aortic stenosis.  II.  Response to ischemia.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1981;81:389-395.

27.  Chitwood Jr WR, Sink JD, Hill RC, Wecshler AS.  The comparative effects of pulsatile and nonpulsatile myocardial perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass.  J Surg Res. 1981;30:553-562.

28.  Chitwood Jr WR, Meyers WC, Heaston DK, Herskovic AM, McLeod ME, Jones RS. Diagnosis and treatment of primary extrahepatic bile duct tumors.  Am J Surg.  1982;143:99-106.

29.  Filston HC, Chitwood Jr WR, Schkolne B, Blackman LR.  The Fogarty balloon catheter as an aid to management of the infant with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula complicated by severe RDS or pneumonia.  J Pediatr Surg.  1982;17:149-51.

30.  Filston HC, Edwards CH III, Chitwood Jr WR, Larson RM, Marsicano TH, Hill RC. Estimation of postoperative fluid requirements in infants and children.  Ann Surg. 1982;196:76-81.

31.  Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Tiller WH Jr, Chitwood Jr WR, Rembert JC, Greenfield JC Jr, Wechsler As.  Myocardial blood flow and function during gradual coronary occlusion in awake dog.  Am J Physiol.  1983;224:H60-H67.

 32. Jones RS, Chitwood Jr WR, Heaston DK, Herskovic AM.  The combined use of percutaneous transhepatic drainage and irrigation for carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts.  Contemp Surg.  1983;22:59-63.

33.  Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Sink JD, Wechsler AS.  Diastolic ventricular properties in patients during coronary revascularization.  Intermittent ischemic arrest versus cardioplegia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  1983;85:595-605.

34.  Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Wechsler AS.  Transmural myocardial flow distribution during hypothermia.  Effects of coronary inflow restriction.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  1983;86:61-69.

35.  Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Wechsler AS.  Reperfusion of inflow-limited myocardium following hypothermic potassium-induced cardioplegia.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1984;88:49-56.

36.  Chitwood Jr WR, Sabiston DC Jr, Wechsler AS.  Surgical treatment of chronic unresolved pulmonary embolism.  Clin Chest Med.  1984;5:507-536.

37.  Chitwood Jr WR, Lyerly HK, Sabiston DC Jr.  Surgical management of chronic pulmonary embolism.  Ann Surg.  1985;201:11-26.

38.  Woodruff WW III, Hoeck BE, Jr Chitwood WR, Lyerly HK, Sabiston DC Jr, Chen JT. Radiographic findings in pulmonary hypertension from unresolved chronic pulmonary embolism.  Am J Roentgenol.  1985;144:681-686.

39.  Lust RM, Beggerly CE, Morrison RF, Austin EH, Chitwood Jr WR.  Improved protection of chronically inflow-limited myocardium with retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia.  Circ J Am Heart Assoc.  1988;78(pt 2):III217-III223.

40.  Ramagopal MV, Chitwood Jr, WR Mustafa SJ.  Evidence for an A2 adenosine receptor in human coronary arteries.  Eur J Pharmacol.  1988;151:483-486.

41.  Reeves WC, Chitwood Jr WR.  Transesophageal two-dimensional echocardiography and color flow doppler assessment of a left atrial myxoma.  J Am Soc Echocardiogr.  1989;6:547-549.

42.  Chien S, Diana JN, Oeltgen PR, Todd EP, O'Connor WN, Chitwood Jr WR.  Eighteen to 37 hours' preservation of major organs using a new autoperfusion multiorgan preparation. Ann Thorac Surg.  1989;47:860-867.

66.  Otaki M, Lust RM, Sun YS, Norton TO, Rock DT, Call KD, Chitwood Jr WR.  Cardiac pacing induced flow responses in internal thoracic artery and saphenous vein bypass grafts.  ASAIO J.  1995;41:198-201.

67.  Hopson SB, Lust RM, Sun YS, Zeri RS, Morrison RF, Otaki M, Chitwood Jr WR.  Allopurinol improves myocardial reperfusion injury in a xanthine oxidase-free model.  J  Natl Med Assoc.  1995;87:480-484.

68.  Driver AG, Kukoly CA, Spence PA, Chitwood Jr WR, Mustafa SJ.  Pericardial fluid adenosine in ischemic and valvular heart disease.  Chest.  1995;107:346-351.

69.  Chitwood Jr WR, Wixon CL, Norton TO, Lust RM.  Complex valve operations:  antegrade vs. retrograde cardioplegia?  Ann Thorac Surg.  1995;60:815-818.

70.  Wixon CL, Burnett CM, Lust RM, Sun YS, Mann C, Chitwood Jr WR.  Continuous hypothermic retrograde cerebral perfusion improves cerebral following circulatory arrest during aortic arch surgery.  Surg Forum.  1995;46:277-280.

71.  Otaki M, Lust RM, Norton TO, Spence PA, Chitwood Jr WR.  Extracardiac adjustment of mitral chordae replacement.  J Surg Res.  1996;64:102-106.

72.  Lust RM, Bode AP, Yang L, Hodges W, Chitwood Jr WR.  In-line leukocyte filtration during bypass.  Clinical results from a randomized prospective trial.  ASAIO J. 1996;42:M819-M822.

73.  Azari KK, Lust RM, Dennis K, Reed J, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR.  Carnitine-supplemented hypothermic cardioplegia enhances recovery of excitation-contraction coupling following global ischemia/reperfusion.  Surg Forum.  1996;47:211-214.

74.  Sun YS, Lust RM, Dohm LG, Wixon CL, Dennis K, Chitwood Jr WR.  Impaired glucose clearance/insulin resistance induced by cardiopulmonary bypass may be caused by glucose transport protein (GLUT-4) loss.  Surg Forum.  1996;47:256-258.

75.  Meadows WM Jr, Lust RM, Parker FM, Mann C, Rock DT, Curtsinger L, Wooden WA, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR.  Time course of macro- and microvascular adjustments in abdominal wall and recipient bed perfusion patterns after vascular delay.  Surg Forum. 1996;47:741-43.

76.  Datillo JB, Lust RM, Datillo MP, Parker FM, Meadows WM Jr, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR, Makhoul RG.  The temporal expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in early aortocoronary vein grafts.  J Surg Res.  1997;69:349-353.

77.  Chitwood Jr WR, Elbeery JR, Chapman WH, Moran JM, Lust RM, Wooden WA, Deaton DH.  Video-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery:  the "micro-mitral"operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  1997;113:413-414.

78.  Chitwood Jr WR, Elbeery JR, Moran, JF, and the Minimally Invasive Surgery Workgroup. Minimally invasive mitral valve repair using transthoracic aortic occlusion.  Ann Thorac Surg.  1997;63:1477-1479.

79.  Elbeery JR, Chitwood Jr WR.  Minimally invasive cardiac surgery.  Heart surgery for the  21st century.  N C Med J.  1997;58:374-377.

80.  Eskew TD, Ollerenshaw JD, Philpott JM, Dennis K, Dawson P, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR, Lust RM.  Successful small diameter arterial grafting using cryopreserved allograft arteries. ASAIO J.  1997;43:M522-M526.

81.  Bradfield JF, Bode AP, Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR.  Aprotinin directly attenuates theplatelet adhesion defect induced by cardiopulmonary bypass.  Surg Forum.  1997;48:256-259.

82.  Chitwood Jr WR, Wixon CL, Elbeery JR, Moran, JF, Chapman WH, Lust RM..  Video-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;114:773-780.

83.  Elbeery JR, Chitwood Jr WR.  Intraoperative catheterization of the left internal mammary artery via the left radial artery.  Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;64:1840-1842.

84.  Philpott JM, Eskew TD, Sun YS, Dennis KJ, Foreman BH, Fairbrother SN, Brown PM Jr, Koutlas TC, Chitwood Jr WR, Lust RM.  A paradox of cerebral hyperperfusion in the face of cerebral hypotension:  the effect of perfusion pressure on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.  J Surg Res.  1998;77:141-149.

85.  Chitwood Jr WR.  Mitral valve repair:  an odyssey to save the valves!J Heart Valve Dis. 1998;7:255-261.

86.  Elbeery JR, Brown PM, Chitwood Jr WR.  Intraoperative MIDCABG arteriography via the left radial artery:  a comparison with Doppler ultrasound for assessment of graft patency.  Ann Thorac Surg.  1998;66:51-55.

87.  Wixon CL, Philpott JM, Chitwood Jr WR.  Mitral valve repair.  Save the valve!  N C Med J.  1998;59:314-317.

88.  Kim VB, Brown PM Jr, Philpott JM, Sun YS, Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR.  Protecting the brain during cardiopulmonary bypass:  the continuing merits of hypothermia.  Surg Forum.  1998;49:250-252.

89.  Atkinson CK, Miraliakbari R, Ng PC, Swanson MS, Sun YS, Powell CS, Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR.  Effect of conventional graft repair on aortic wall motion.  Surg Forum.  1999;50:424-425.

90.  Chitwood Jr WR.  Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery:  introduction.  Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  1999;11:192-193.

91.  Chitwood Jr WR.  Video-assisted and robotic mitral valve surgery:  toward an endoscopic surgery.  Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  1999;11:194-205.

92.  Falk V, Autschbach R, Krakor R, Walther T, Diegeler A, Onnasch JF, Chitwood Jr WR, Mohr FW.  Computer-enhanced mitral valve surgery:  toward a total endoscopic procedure.  Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  1999;11:244-249.

93.  Steffee CH, Singh HK, Chitwood Jr WR.  Histologic changes in three explanted native cardiac valves following use of fenfluramines.  Am J Cardiovasc Pathol.  1999;8:245-253.

94.  Brown PM Jr, Kim VB, Boyer BJ, Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR, Elbeery JR.  Regional left ventricular systolic function in humans during off-pump coronary bypass surgery. Circ J Am Heart Assoc.  1999;100(suppl 19):II-125-II-127.

95.  Chitwood Jr WR, Wixon CL, Elbeery JR, Francalancia NA, Lust RM.  Minimally invasive cardiac operation:  adapting cardioprotective strategies.  Ann Thorac Surg.  1999;68:1974-1977.

96.  Koutlas TC, Elbeery JR, Williams JM, Moran JF, Francalancia NA, Chitwood Jr WR.  Myocardial revascularization in the elderly using beating heart coronary artery bypass surgery.  Ann Thorac Surg.  2000;69:1042-1047.

97.  Ng PC, Chua AN, Swanson MS, Koutlas TC, Chitwood Jr WR, Elbeery JR.  Anterior thoracotomy wound complications in minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass.  Ann Thorac Surg.  2000;69:1338-1340.

98.  Miraliakbari R, Francalancia NA, Lust RA, Gerardo JA, Ng PC, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR.  Differences in myocardial and peripheral VEGF and KDR levels after acute ischemia.  Ann Thorac Surg.  2000;69:1750-1754.

99.  Shackelford DP, Daniels S, Hoffman MK, Chitwood Jr WR.  Estrogen therapy in women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: effect on surgical complications.  Obstet Gynecol.  2000;95:732-735.

100.  Chitwood Jr WR.  Video-assisted mitral valve surgery:using the Chitwood clamp.  Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.  2000;5:190-202.

101.  Chitwood Jr WR, Nifong LW, Elbeery JE, Chapman WH, Albrecht R, Kim V, Young JA.  Robotic mitral valve repair: trapezoidal resection and prosthetic annuloplasty with the DaVinci surgical system.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  2000;120:1171-1172.

102.  Elbeery J, Chitwood Jr WR.  From MIDCAB to OPCAB: a Race Back to the Future. Surg Technol Int. 2000; VIII: 188-192.

103.  Chitwood Jr WR.  Minimally invasive or conventional valve surgery:  operations prevailing in 2020--the middle ground.  J Card Surg.  2000; 15:1-2.

104.  Chitwood Jr WR, Nifong WF.  Minimally invasive videoscopic mitral valve surgery: the current role of surgical robotics.  J Card Surg.  2000; 15:61-75.

105.  Kim VB, Nifong LW, Young JA, Albrecht RJ, Chitwood Jr WR.  Computer enhanced cardiac surgery: an early model.  Surg Forum.  2000; 51:78-79.

106.  Albrecht RJ, Kim VB, Young JA, Lust RM, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  Effects of loss of aortic windkessel on left ventricular dynamics after descending thoracic aorta graft placement.  Surg Forum.  2000; 51;160-161.

107.  Chapman WHH III, Young JA, Albrecht RJ, Kim VB, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  Robotic Nissen fundoplication: alternative surgical technique for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.  J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech.  2001;11(pt. A):27-30.

108.  Felger JE, Chitwood Jr WR, Nifong LW, Holbert D.  Evolution of mitral valve surgery: toward a totally endoscopic approach.  Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:1203-1209.

109.  Kim VB, Brown PM, Brown PM Jr, Sun YS, Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR.  A carotid stenosis model in canines.  J Invest Surg.  2001;14:241-247.

110.  Chitwood Jr WR, Nifong LW, Chapman WHH, Bailey BM, Balint T, Felger JE, Kim VB, Young JA,  Albrecht RA.  Robotic surgical training in an academic institution.  Ann Surg.  2001;234:475-484; discussion 484-486.

111.  Nifong LW, Bailey BM, Balint TD, Mendelson KG, Robinson P, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic mitral valve replacement using suture welding: an animal model.  Surg Forum. 2001;52:101-102.

112.  Young JA, Elbeery Jr, Dixon V, Wennerberg AK, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  Use of  filtered red blood cell transfusions decreases patient costs.  Surg Forum.  2001;52:453-454.

113.  Mendelson KG, Bailey BM, Balint TD, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Wooden WA, Lalikos JF, Chitwood Jr WR.  Hemodynamic effects of vacuum-assisted closure in open sternal wounds.  Surg Forum.  2001;52:531-533.

114.  Felger JE, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  The evolution and early experience with robot-assisted  mitral valve surgery.  Curr Surg.  2001;58:570-575.

115.  Felger JE, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  Robotic cardiac valve surgery: transcending the technologic crevasse!  Curr Opin Cardiol.  2001;16:146-151.

116.  Pofahl WE, Swanson MS, Cox SS, DaRe DM, Haisch CE, Pories WJ, Chitwood Jr WR.   Performance standards improve American Board of Surgery In-training Examination (ABSITE) scores.  Curr Surg.  2002; 59:220-222.

117.  Kim VB, Chapman WH, Albrecht RJ, Bailey BM, Young JA, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  Early experience with tele-manipulative robot-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy using da Vinci.  Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech.  2002;12:33-40.

118.  Young JA, Chapman WH III, Kim VB, Albrecht RJ, Ng PC, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic-assisted adrenalectomy for adrenal incidentaloma:  case and review of the technique.  Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech.  2002;12:126-130.

119.  Zimmerman-Klima PM, Philpott JM, Elbeery JR, Lalikos JF, Chitwood Jr WR.  Combined minimally invasive mitral valve repair and direct coronary artery bypass: a new alternative to sternotomy.  Chest.  2002;122:344-347.

120.  Argenziano M, Oz MC, DeRose  JJ Jr, Ashton RC Jr, Beck J, Wang F, Chitwood Jr WR, Nifong LW, Dimitui J, Rose EA, Smith CR Jr.  Totally endoscopic atrial septal defect repair with robotic assistance.  Heart Surg Forum.  2002;5:294-300.

121.  Maziarz DM, Chu VF, Conquest AM, Garofalo JH, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Use of Nitinol U-clips decreases time for annuloplasty band placement in robotic mitral valve repairs. J Am Coll Surg.  2002;195:S22.

122.  Kumar SP, Knupp CL, Chitwood Jr WR, Sorrell VL.  Severe hemolysis after mitral valve repair: reoperation avoided.  Cardiovascular Reviews & Reports.  2002;23:552-554.

123.  Sorrell VL, Rajeev AG, Nifong LW, Chu FV, Chitwood Jr WR.  Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography with a special focus on a patient undergoing advanced robotic-assisted procedures.  Echocardiography.  2002;19(u Pt 1):583-587.

124.  Chapman WH III, Albrecht RJ, Kim VB, Young JA, Chitwood Jr WR.  Computer assisted laparoscopic splenectomy with the da Vinci surgical robot.  J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech.  2002;12:155-159.

125.  Chitwood Jr WR. Developing and financing new technology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.  2002; 124(2):223-30.

126.  Nifong LW, Chu VF, Bailey BM, Maziarz DM, Sorrell VL, Holbert D, Chitwood Jr WR.  Robotic mitral valve repair: experience with the da Vinci system.  Ann Thorac Surg.  2003;75:438-443.

127.  Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  Challenges for the anesthesiologist: robotics?  Anesth Analg.  2003;96:1-2.

128.  Estrada CA, Young JA, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  Outcomes and perioperative hyperglycemia in patients with or without diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.  Ann Thorac Surg.  2003;75:1392-1399.

129.  Chitwood Jr WR.  The Sabiston heritage: excellence in surgical education.  Ann Surg. 2003; 238, 6S:S3-17.

130.  Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  Robotic mitral valve surgery.  Surgical Clinics in North America, 83 (6), 1387-403.  2003.

131.  Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic Cardiac Surgery. Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants, 13(6) 451-464. 2003

132.  Chitwood Jr WR, Kypson AP, Nifong LW.  Robotic mitral valve surgery: a technologic and economic revolution for heart centers.  Am Heart Hosp J.  2003;1:30-39.

133.  Reade CC, Bower CE, Schuler CM, Austin TC, Charland PJ, Sun YS, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Acute Effects of Suction Retraction on Atrial Hemo Dynamics and Histology. J American Coll of Surg. 2003. 197:S26.

134.  Bolotin G, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Reade CC, Chitwood JR WR. Robot-Assisted Mitral Valve Repair with Microwave Atrial Fibrillation Ablations: Early Clinical Results. J American Coll of Surg. 2003. 197-S24-5.

135.  Bower CE, Reade CC, Meadows WM, Zeri RS, Wooden WA, Sun YS, Nifong, LW, Chitwood Jr WR: Comparisonsof Rate Femoral Artey Anastomosis - Using Either the Da Vinci Surgical Robotic System or Standard Microscopic Technqies. J American Coll of Surg. 2003. 197:S62.

136.  Reade CC, Bower CE, Maziarz DM, Conquest AM, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Nitinol U-Clips in Robotic Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: A Sheep Model. Heart Surgery Forum. 2003: 6:254-7.

137.  Bower CE, Reade CC, Chu VF, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Repair of Acute Mitral Regurgitation on a Porcine Beating Heart. Heart Surgery Forum. 2003. 6-S50.

138.  Bolotin G, Scott Jr WW, Austin TC, Charland PJ, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Reade CC, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic Skeletonizing of the Internal Thoracic Artery: Is it safe? Heart Surgery Forum. 2003. 6:S39-40.

139.  Reade CC, Bower CE, Maziarz DM, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR: Nitinol U-Clips in Robotic Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: A Sheep Model. Heart Surgery Forum. 2003; 6:118.

140.  Reade CC, Bower CE, Maziarz DM, Conqeust AM, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR: Sutureless Robot-Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: An Animal Model. Heart Surgery Forum. 2003. 6(4), 254-7.

141.  Bolotin G, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  A technique for evaluating competitive flow for intra-operative decision making in coronary artery surgery. Ann Thorac Surg.  2003 Dec; 76(6): 2118-20.

142.  Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.  Robotic mitral valve surgery, Semin Thorac Cardivasco Surg.  2003 Apr; 15(2):121-9.

143.  Conquest AM, Garofalo JH, Maziarz DM, Mendelson KG, Su Sun Y, Wooden WA, Meadows WM, Nifong W, Chitwood Jr WR. Hemodynamic effects of the vacuum-assisted closure device on open mediastinal wounds. J Surg Res. 2003 Dec; 115(2):209-13.

144.  Bolotin G, Kypson AP, Reade CC, Chu VF, Freund WL Jr., Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Should a video-assisted mini-thoracotomy be the approach of choice for reoperative Mitral valve surgery? J Heart Valve Dis. 2004 Mar; 13(2):155-8.

145.  Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR.: Robot-assisted surgery: training and re-training surgeons. The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery. 2004 Apr; 1(1):70-77.

146. Chitwood Jr WR. An epistle to Dr. Robicsek. J. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004 Apr; 127(4): 945-6.

147. Koutlas TC, Maziarz D, Conquest A, Williams JM, Scott WW Jr., Kypson AP, Chitwood Jr WR: Clinical results using the St. Jude Medical "Symmetry" aortic connector system in 400 coronary artery bypass patients. J. Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43:273A.

148. Kypson AP, Felger JE, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR: Robotics in valvular surgery: 2003 and beyond. Curr Opin Cardiol 19:128-133, 2004.

149.  Ghiassi S, Sun YS, Kim VB, Scott CM, Nifong LW, Rotondo MF, Chitwood Jr WR. Methylene blue enhancement of resuscitation after refractory hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma. 2004 Sept; 57(3):515-21.

150. Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR: Building a Surgical Robotics Program. Am Jour Surg.  2004. Oct; 188 (4A Suppl) 16S-18S.

151. Kypson AP, Chitwood Jr WR: Robotic Mitral Valve Surgery. Am Jour Surg. Oct. 188 (4-A Suppl) 83S-88S.

152.  van Brakel TJ, Bolotin G, Saleng KJ, Nifong LW, Allessie MA, Chitwood Jr WR. Evaluation of Epicardial Microwave Ablation Lesions: Histology versus

Electrophysiology. Ann Thorac Surgery. 2004. 78:1397-1402.

153.  Bolotin G, Scott WW, Austin TC, Charland PJ, Kypson Ap, Nifong LW, Salleng K, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic Skeletonizing of the Internal Thoracic Artery: Is It Safe? Ann Thorac Surg. 2004. 77:1262-5.

154. Reade CC, Bower CE, Bailey BM, Maziarz DM, Masroor S, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic Mitral Valve Annuloplasty with Double Arm Nitinol U-Clips: Initial Operative Results. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004. 79:1372-6.

155.  Felger JE, Reade CC, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robot-assisted sutureless minimally invasive mitral valve repair. Surg Technol Int. 2004; 12:185-7.

156.  Bolotin G, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotically-assisted left atrial ablation and mitral valve repair through a right mini-thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004. Oct; 78(4): e63-4.

157.  Reade CC, Johnson JO, Bolotin G, Freund Jr WL, Jenkins NL, Bower CE, Masroor S,  Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Combining Robotic Mitral Valve Repair and Microwave Atrial Fibrillation: Techniques and Initial Results. Ann Surg. 2005. 79:480-4.

158.  van Brakel TJ, Bolotin G, Nifong LW, Dekker AL, Allessie MA, Chitwood Jr WR, Maessen JG. Robot Assisted Ablation of the Pulmonary Veins, Is a Completed Isolation Necessary? Eur Heart Jour. 2005 Jul. 26(13): 1321-6.

159. Reade CC, Johnson JO, Bolotin G, Freund WL Jr, Jenkins NL, Bower CE, Masroor S, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Combining robotic mitral valve repair and microwave atrial fibrillation ablation: technique and initial results. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Feb; 79(2):480-4.

160.  Reade CC, Bower CE, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Wooden WA, Chitwood Jr WR.  Re-examining contraindications for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. Heart Surg Forum. 2005: 8(1): E1-3.

161.  Edlich RF, Hudson MA, Buschbacher RM, Winters KL, Britt LD, Cox MJ, Becker DG, McLaughlin JK, Gubler KD, Zomerschoe TS, Latimer MF, Zura RD, Paulsen NS, Long WB III, Brodie BM, Berenson S, Langenburg SE, Borel L, Jenson DB, Chang DE, Chitwood Jr WR, Roberts TH, Martin MJ, Miller A, Werner CL, Taylor PT Jr., Lancaster J, Kurian MS, Falwell JL Jr., Falwell RJ. Devastating injuries in healthcare Workers: description of the crisis and legislative solution to the epidemic of back injury from patient lifting. J Long Term Eff Med Implant. 2005; 15(2):225-41.

162.  Chitwood Jr WR. Current status of endoscopic and robotic mitral valve surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Jun; 79(6) 2047-8.

163.  Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR, Pappas PS, Smith CR, Argenziano M, Starnes VA, Shah PA. Robotic mitral valve surgery: a United States multicenter trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Jun; 129(6): 1395-404.

164.  Reade CC, Bower CE, Schuler CM, Austin TC, Charland PJ, Sun YS, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Acute effects of suction retraction on trial hemodynamics and histology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Jul; 130(1): 114-9.

165.  Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR, Pappas PS, Smith CR, Argenziano M, Starnes VA; Shah PM. Robotic mitral valve annuloplasty with double-arm nitinol U-clips. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 April 79(4): 1372-6, disucssion 1376-7.

166.  Kypson AP, Chitwood Jr WR: Robotic Cardiovascular Surgery. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2006 May; 3(3): 335-43.

167.  Edich RF, Borel L, Jensen HG, Winters Kl, Long WBrd, Gubler KD, Buschbacher RM, Becker DG, Change DE, Korngold J, Chitwood Jr WR, Lin KY, Nichter LS, Berenson S, Britt LD, Tafel JA. Revolutionary advances in medical waste management. The Sanitec System. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2006; 16(1): 9-18.

168. Chitwood Jr WR.  Cardiothoracic surgeons should make decisions to operate solely on medical grounds.  Ann Thorac Surg.  2003.  (In press).

169.  Young JA, Chitwood Jr WR. Videoscopic robot assisted intraventricular repair of a coronary artery fistula.  Ann Thorac Surg.  2003.  (In press).

170.  Woo, JY, Rodriguez E, Atluri P, Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally Invasive, Robotic, and Off-Pump Mitral Valve Surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006. (In press)

171.  Cook RC, Nifong LW, Jacob E, Enterkin BS, Charland PJ, Reade CC, Kypson AP, Masroor S, Chitwood Jr WR. Significant Reduction in Annuloplasty Time With the Use of Nitinol Clips in Robotically-Assisted Mitral Valve Repair.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surgery. 2006 (In press)

Review Articles:

1. Chitwood Jr WR. Cardiac neoplasms: current diagnosis, pathology, and therapy. J Card Surg. 1988;3:119-154.

2. Chitwood Jr WR. Cardiac neoplasms [Key References]. Ann Thorac Surg. 1989;48:451-453.

3. Miller JE, Chitwood Jr WR. PTCA failure. Coron Artery Dis. 1993;4:697-702.

4. Chitwood Jr WR, Wixon CL. Update in myocardial protection [Key References]. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;59:253-254.

5. Elbeery, JR, Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery. Heart surgery for the 21st century. NC Med J. 1997;58:374-377.

6. Brown PM Jr, Chitwood Jr WR. Stroke risk in coronary artery bypass patients. Curr Surg. 1998;55:66-70.

7. Miraliakbari R, Francalancia NA, Chitwood Jr WR. Therapeutic angiogenesis: appropriate for clinical use? Curr Surg. 1999;56:255-258.

8. Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive valve surgery: trends for the future. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;16(suppl 1):S64-S65.

9. Chitwood Jr WR, Nifong LW. Abstract and commentary. CTdigest.com [serial online]. November 1999;1(8). Review of: Vaturi M, Porter A, Adler Y, et al. The natural history of aortic valve disease after mitral valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:2003-2008.

10. Chitwood Jr WR, Nifong LW. Abstract and commentary. CTdigest.com [serial online]. February 2000;2(2). Review of: Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Ling H, et al. Sudden death in mitral regurgitation due to flail leaflet. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:2078-2085.

11. Chitwood Jr WR. aThe Use of Robotics in Cardiovascular Surgery. Future Cardiology. 2005. 1(1), 61-67

Editorials/Commentaries/Discussion/Essays/Introductions/Policy Statements/Documented Interviews:

1. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited discussion. Ann Surg. 1992;215:433. Discussion of: Craver JM, Weintraub WS, Jones EL, Guyton RA, Hatcher CR. Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery for failed percutaneous coronary angioplasty.

2. Chitwood Jr WR. The good physician: what should we be, Sir William? NC Med J. 1993;54:191-192.

3. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994;58:487-488. Commentary of: Kabbani SS, Jokhadar M, Meada R, et al. Atrial myxoma: report of 24 operations using the bilateral approach.

4. Chitwood Jr WR. Mitral Valve: repair or replace? Newsletter of the North Carolina Chapter of the American College of Cardiology. 1994;4:7.

5. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited discussion. Ann Surg. 1995;221:541. Discussion of: Ferrara JJ, Dyess DL, Peeples GL, et al. Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on regional blood flow distribution in the neonatal piglet.

6. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited discussion. Ann Surg. 1995;221:675. Discussion of: Van Trigt P, Bittner HB, Kendall SW, Milano CA. Mechanisms of transplant right ventricular dysfunction.

7. Chitwood Jr WR. National surveys: are they helpful? Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;59:275-276.

8. Chitwood Jr WR. The Internet and the thoracic surgeon: a "virtual" future. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;61:1603-1606.

9. Chitwood Jr WR. Applause for AHEC and Osler. NC Med J. 1996;57:144-145. Commentary of: McMillan WO Jr. Medical education and health care reform: from Osler to AHEC.

10. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited discussion. Ann Surg. 1997;225:802-803. Commentary of: Tseng EE, Lee CA, Cameron DE, et al. Aortic valve replacement in the elderly. Risk factors and long-term results.

11. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited discussion. Ann Surg. 1997;225:809-810. Commentary of: King RC, Reece TB, Hurst JL, et al. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting decreases hospital stay and cost.

12. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;63:700. Commentary of: Bjessmo S, Ivert T. Cardiac myxoma: 40 years' experience in 63 patients.

13. Chitwood Jr WR. Introducing East Carolina University and its surgical residency. Curr Surg. 1997;54:127-128.

14. Chitwood Jr WR. State of the art review: videoscopic minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. Trekking to a totally endoscopic operation. Heart Surg Forum. 1998;1:13-16.

15. Cohn LH, Chitwood WR, Dralle JG, et al. Policy statement: minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116:887-888.

16. Cohn LH, Chitwood WR, Dralle JG, et al. Course guidelines for minimally invasive cardiac sugery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;116:889-890.

17. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;155:574-575. Commentary of: Mohr FW, Falk V, Diegeler A, Walther T, van Son JA, Autschbach R. Minimally invasive port-access mitral valve surgery.

18. Chitwood Jr WR. Endoscopic robotic coronary surgery is this reality or fantasy? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;118:1-3.

19. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;67:1333. Commentary of Karagoz HY, Bayazit K., Battaloglu B, Kurtoglu M, Ozerdem G, Bakkaloglu B, Sonmez B. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: the subxiphoid approach.

20. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. Yim APC, Hazelrigg SR, Izzat MB, Landreneau RJ, Mack MJ, Nauheim KS, eds. Minimal Access Cardiothoracic Surgery. Philadelphia, Pa: W.B. Saunders Co; 2000:629. Commentary of: Falk V. Robotic surgery.

21. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. Ann Thora Surg. 2000;69:1181-1182. Commentary of: Reichenspurner H, Boehm DH, Gulbins H, et al. Three-dimensional video and robot-assisted port-access mitral valve operation.

22. Chitwood Jr WR. Discussion. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;70:776-777. Discussion of: Fasol R, Lakew F, Pfrnnmuller B, Slepian MJ, Joubert-Hubner E. Papillary muscle repair surgery in ischemic mitral valve patients.

23. Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive or conventional valve surgery: operations prevailing in 2020--the middle ground. J Card. Surg. 2000;15:1-2.

24. Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive aortic valve surgery: what is "port-acccess"? Am Heart J. 2001;142:391-392.

25. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:1263-1268. Commentary of: Damiano RJ, Rabaie HA, Mack MJ, Edgetron JR, Mullangi C, Graper P. Initial prospective multicenter clinical trial of robotically assisted coronary artery bypass grafting.

26. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:13-17. Commentary of: Thistlewaite PA, Auger WR, Madani MM, Pradam S, Kapelanski DP, Jamieson SW. Pulmonary endarterectomy combined with other cardiac operations: indications, surgical approach, and outcome.

27. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71:1496-1501. Commentary of: Byhahn C, Mierdl S, Meininger D, Wimmer-Greinecker G, Matheis G, Westphal K. Hemodynamics and gas exhange during carbon dioxide isufflatin for totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting.

28. Cannon CP, Battler A, Brindis RG, Cox JL, Ellis SG, Every NR, Flaherty JT, Harrington RA, Krumholz HM, Simoons ML, Van De Werf FJJ, Weintraub WS, Mitchell KR, Morisson SL, Brindis RG, Anderson HV, Cannom DS, Chitwood WR, Cigarroa JE, Collins-Nakai RL, Ellis SG, Gibbons RJ, Grover FL, Heidenreich PA, Khandheria BK, Knoebel SB, Krumholz HL, Malnka DJ, Mark DB, Mckay CR, Passamani ER, Radford MF, Riner RN, Schwartz JB, Shaw RE, Shemin RJ, Van Fossen DB, Verrier ED, Watkins MW, Phoubandith DR, Furnelli T. American College of Cardiology key data elements and definitions for measuring the clinical management and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Acute Coronary Syndromes Writing Committee). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:2114-2130.

29. Chitwood Jr WR. Commentary. Ann Surg. (In press). Commentary of: Kaza AK, Patel MR, Fiser SM, Long SM, Kern JA, Tribble CG, Kron IL. Ventricular reconstruction results improved left ventricular function and amelioration of mitral insufficiency.

30. Chitwood Jr WR. Commentary. Curr Surg. 2002;59:245-247. Commentary of: Baldwin JC. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: current status.

31. Chitwood Jr WR. Developing and financing new technology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
2002;124:223.

32. Chitwood Jr WR. Valve surgery and repair [audio interview]. Heart Surgery Forum
Cardiac Surgery Expert Interview Series; 2002. Available at:
http://www.hsforum.com/stories/storyReader$3530. Accessed December 27, 2002.

33. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. J Am Coll Surg. (In press). Commentary of:
Damiano MS. Prospective randomized evaluation of robotic versus laparoscopic surgical
training: advantages of computer-assisted surgery.

34. Chitwood Jr WR. An epistle to Dr. Robicsek. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003; 127, Number 3.

35. Chitwood Jr. WR. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004; 77 (3) 1063-65. Sampath Kumar, and Harinder Pal, MD. Digital Video Recording of Cardiac Surgical Procedures.

36. Chitwood Jr. WR. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 June; 79(6) 2047-8.

37. Kypson AP, Chitwood Jr WR: Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 May; 79(5): 1742-1743.

38. Rodriguez E, Chitwood Jr WR: Invited Commentary. Projecting Developments in Robotic Cardiac Surgery: The Next Five Years. The American Heart Hosp J. 2006 Summer; 4(3): 183-185.

39. Chitwood Jr WR. Our destination and our destiny: Real endoscopic cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 132:4, 753.

40. Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. J Am Coll Surg. (In press). Commentary of Damiano MS. Prospective randomized evaluation of robotic versus laparoscopic surgical training: advantages of computer-assisted surgery.

41. Kypson AP, Chitwood Jr WR. Invited commentary. Indian Heart Jour. 2004 (In press). Robotically assisted cardiac surgery.

Historical/Biography:

1. Chitwood Jr WR. Stephen H. Watts: a disciple of Halsted. Surgery. 1976;79:293-298.

2. Chitwood Jr WR. John and William Hunter on aneurysms. Arch Surg. 1977;112:829-836.

3. Chitwood Jr WR, Stocks LH, Wolfe WG. Popliteal artery aneurysms. Past and present. Arch Surg. 1978;113:1078-1082.

4. Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Wechsler AS. Ludlow's esophageal diverticulum: a preternatural bag. Surgery. 1979;85:549-553.

5. Chitwood Jr WR. Clarence Crafoord and the first successful resection of a cariac myxoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 1992;54:997-998.

6. Chitwood Jr WR. Memoir of W. R. Chitwood, Sr., M.D. Va Med J. 1993;120:229.

7. Chitwood Jr WR. Will C. Sealy, M.D.: the father of arrhythmia surgery-the story of the fisherman with a fast pulse. Ann Thorc Surg. 1994;58:1228-1239.

8. Chitwood, Jr WR. Will Camp Sealy, M.D. - Surgical pioneer, teacher, and gentleman. Ann Thorac Surg (In press).

MONOGRAPHS

1. Chitwood Jr WR. Myocardial Preservation: Clinical Applications. In: Chitwood Jr WR. Cardiac Surgery: State of the Art Reviews. Vol. 2. Philadelphia, Pa: Hanley & Belfus, Inc; 1988.

2. Spence PA, Chitwood Jr WR. Coronary Artery Surgery in the 1990s. In: Spence PA, Chitwood Jr WR. Cardiac Surgery: State of the Art Reviews. Vol. 5. Philadelphia, Pa: Hanley & Belfus, Inc; 1991.

BOOK/MONOGRAPH CHAPTERS:

1. Chitwood Jr WR. John Hunter's masterwork: a treatise on the blood, inflammation, and gunshot wounds. In: The Classics of Medicine Library. Birmingham, Ala: Gryphon Editions Ltd; 1982:21-30.

2. Chitwood Jr WR, Sabiston DC Jr. Pulmonary embolism. In: Norton LW, Eiseman B, eds. Surgical Decision Making. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W. B. Saunders Co; 1986:72-73.

3. Chitwood Jr WR, Sabiston DC Jr. Cardiac neoplasms. In: Nealon TF, ed. Management of the Patient with Cancer. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W. B. Saunders Co; 1986:286-307.

4. Chitwood Jr WR. Use of the intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation technique. In: Sabiston DC Jr, ed. Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 13th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W. B. Saunders Co; 1986:2468-2480.

5. Chitwood Jr WR. The diagnosis and management of myasthenia gravis. In: Sabiston DC Jr, ed. Essentials of Surgery. Philadelphia, Pa: W. B. Saunders Co; 1987:123-180.

6. Chitwood Jr WR, Austin EH. Penetrating and blunt cardiac trauma. In: Moylan J, ed. Surgical Trauma. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1987:121-180.

7. Chitwood Jr WR. Preface and historical introduction. In: Chitwood Jr WR, ed. Myocardial Preservation: Clinical Applications. In: Chitwood Jr WR. Cardiac Surgery: State of the Art Reviews. Vol 2. Philadelphia, Pa: Hanley & Belfus, Inc; 1988:ix-xii.

8. Chitwood Jr WR. Myocardial protection by retrograde cardioplegia: coronary sinus and right atrial methods. In Chitwood Jr WR, ed. Myocardial Preservation: Clincal Applications. In: Chitwood Jr WR. Cardiac Surgery: State of the Art Reviews. Vol 2. Philadelphia, Pa: Hanley & Belfus, Inc; 1988:197-218.

9. Chitwood Jr WR. Reoperative coronary surgery: indications, concerns, and techniques. In: Spence PA, Chitwood Jr WR, eds. Coronary Artery Surgery in the 1990s. In: Spence PA, Chitwood Jr WR. Cardiac Surgery: State of the Art Reviews. Vol. 5. Philadelphia, Pa: Hanley & Belfus Inc; 1991:435-454.

10. Chitwood Jr WR. Intra-arotic balloon counterpulsation: physiology, indications, and technique. In: Sabiston DC Jr, ed. Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 14th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W. B. Saunders Co; 1991:2116-2126.

11. Chitwood Jr WR, Sabiston DC Jr. Pulmonary embolism. In: Norton LW, Steele G Jr, Eiseman B, eds. Surgical Decision Making. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W. B. Saunders Co; 1993:60-61.

12. Chitwood Jr WR, Elbeery JR. Cardiac and great vessels surgery. In: Cox SS, Pories WJ, Foil MB, Patselas TN, eds. Surgical Resident Curriculum. 2nd ed. Arlington, Va: The Assoication of Program Directors in Surgery; 1995:131-134.

13. Chitwood Jr WR, Sabiston DC Jr. Selected historical perspectives on the evolution of surgical science. In: Troidl H, McKneally MF, Mulder DS, Wechsler AS, McPeek B, Spitzer WO, eds. Surgical Research: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. 3rd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag New York, Inc; 1998:23-37.

14. Chitwood Jr WR. Mitral valve repair: ischemic. In: Kaiser LR, Kron IR, Spray TL, eds. Mastery of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1998:309-321.

15. Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. In: Oz MC, Goldstein DJ, eds. Contemporary Cardiology: Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, Inc; 1998:187-204.

16. Chitwood Jr WR, Francalancia NA, Elbeery JR. Cardiac and great vessels surgery. In: Cox SS, Pories WJ, eds. Surgical Resident Curriculum. 3rd ed. Arlington, Va: The Association of Program Directors in Surgery; 1999:190-193.

17. Chitwood Jr WR. Video-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: the micro-mitral operation. In: Cohen RG, Mack MJ, Fonger JD, Landreneau RJ, eds. Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. St. Louis, Mo: Quality Medical Publishing, Inc; 1999:269-282.

18. Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive cardiac valve surgery. In: Franco KL, Verrier ED, eds. Advanced Therapy in Cardiac Surgery. Hamilton, Ontario: B. C. Decker, Inc; 1999:145-158.

19. Elbeery JR, Koutlas TJ, Chitwood Jr WR. From MIDCAB to OPCAB and beyond: a race back to the future. In: Szabó Z, Lewis JE, Fantini GA, Savalgi RS, eds. Sugical Technology International VIII. San Francisco, Calif: Univeral Medical Press, Inc; 1999:188-192.

20. Chitwood Jr WR. Video-assisted minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: toward an endoscopic mitral operation. In: Yim APC, Hazelrigg SR, Izzat MB, Landreneau RJ, Mack MJ, Nauheim KS, eds. Minimal Access Cardiothoracic Surgery. Philadelphia, Pa: W. B. Saunders Co; 2000:563-575.

21. Chitwood Jr WR. Pulmonary embolism. In: Norton LW, Stiegmann GV, Eiseman B, eds. Surgical Decision Making. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W.B. Saunders Co; 2000:66-67.

22. Chitwood Jr WR, Nifong LW. Robotic assistance in cardiac surgery. In: Talamini MA, ed. Problems in General Surgery. Vol. 18(1). Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:9-20.

23. Chitwood Jr WR. Practicing to a higher standard: patient first. In: Inside the Minds: The Art and Science of being a Doctor. Boston, Mass: Aspatore Books Inc; 2002:9-36.

24. Chitwood Jr WR. Robot-assisted mitral valve surgery. In: Franco KL, Verrier ED. Advanced Therapy in Cardioac Surgery. 2nd ed. Hamilton, Ontario: B. C. Decker, Inc; 2003:220-230.

25. Chu VF, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery. In Goldstein DJ, Oz MC. Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. 2nd ed. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2003:3-20.

26. Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Telerobotic-Assisted Cardiac Valve Surgery. In Ballantyne, Marescaux, Giullanotti. Primer of Robotic & Telerobotic Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004:2118-124

27. Kypson AP, Chitwood Jr WR. Cardiopulmonary bypass during port-access and robotic surgery. In: Munch, ed. Techniques in Extracorporeal Circulation. 4th ed. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004: 298-314

28. Chitwood Jr WR, Nifong JW. Limited-access mitral valve surgery. In: Gardner TH, Spray TL, eds. Operative Cardiac Surgery. 5th ed. London, England: Arnold Publishers, 2004: 289-304..

29. Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic mitral valve surgery. In: Cox J. Seminars in Cardiothoracic Surgery. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby. (In press.)

30. Absolon KB, Haficy A, Chitwood Jr WR. First successful cardiac operation in men. In; The Life, the Times, and the Work of Ludwig Rehn (1849-1930). Rockville, Md: Kabel Publishers, Inc. (In press).

31. Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive and robotic valve surgery. In: Cohn LH, ed. Textbook of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Blacklick, Ohio: McGraw-Hill. (In press)..

32. Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery. In: Soper NJ, Eubanks WS, Swanstrom LL. Mastery of Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (In press).

33. Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic and novel visualization systems. In: Dellke, del Nido, Swanson, eds. Sabiston and Spencer's Surgery of the Chest. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: W.B. Saunders Co. (In press)

ABSTRACTS:

1. Hill RC, Kleinman LH, Tiller WH, Chitwood Jr WR, Rembert JC, Wechsler AS. Evaluation of regional myocardial function and transmural blood flow in the awake dog during and after gradual circumflex artery occlusion. Federation Proceedings (became FASEB J in 1987, volume 1). 1978;37:468.

2. Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Sink JD, Saltzman HA, Wechsler AS. The effect of hyperoxia and hyperbaria on transmural myocardial blood flow in the awake dog. Physiologist. 1978;21:20.

3. Sink JD, Pellom GL, Currie WD, Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Wechsler AS. Protection of mitochondrial function during ischemia by potassium cardioplegia: correlation with ischemia contracture. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1978;58:11.

4. Harward TRS, Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Sink JD, Wechsler AS. Segmental diastolic properties as an indicator of global ventricular compliance changes. Am J Cardiol. 1979;43:377.

5. Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Sink JD, Cox JL, Wechsler AS. Effects of global ischemic arrest on ventricular compliance in man determined by pulse transit sonomicrometry. Am J Cardiol. 1979;43:378.

6. Sink JD, Hill RC, Chitwood Jr WR, Abriss R, Wechsler AS. Effect of phenylephrine on transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow. Federation Proceedings. 1979;38:II-956.

7. Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Sink JD, Olsen CO, Sabiston DC Jr, Wechsler AS. Ventricular diastolic properties in man: the effects of global ischemia. Eur Heart J. 1980;1(suppl 1):180.

8. Chitwood Jr WR, Hill RC, Sink JD, Olsen CO, Wechsler AS. The comparative effects of intermittent ischemic arrest and potassium cardioplegia on ventricular compliance in patients. Am J Cardiol. 1981;47:417.

9. Woodruff WW, Hoeck BF, Chitwood Jr WR, Lyerly HK, Sabiston DC, Chen JT. Radiographic findings in pulmonary embolism. Radiology. 1984;153:80.

10. Thalman TA, Holter JF, Chitwood Jr WR. Effects of different types of ventilatory support on total body oxygen consumption. Respir Care Clin N Am. 1985;30:10.

11. Beggerly CE, Austin EH, Chitwood Jr WR. Current coronary artery surgery practices: a national survey. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;9(suppl A):123A.

12. Mustafa SJ, Ramagopal MV, Chitwood Jr WR. Demonstration of adenosine receptors in human coronary arteries. Federation Proceedings. 1987;46:1114.

13. Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR. Hypertrophy induced alterations in left ventricular refractoriness and force interval mechanics. Physiologist. 1987;30:155.

14. Morrison RF, Chapman SF, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Analysis of mechanics of cardiovascular compromise secondary to tension pneumothorax. Physiologist. 1987;30:215.

15. Chitwood Jr WR, Beggerly CE, Morrison RF, Austin EH, Lust RM. Protective effects of retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia in chronic inflow restricted myocardium. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1987;76:IV-287.

16. Lust RM, Kasagi Y, Chapman SF, Morrison RF, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Influence of unilateral and bilateral internal mammary artery takedown on sternal blood flow. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1987;76:IV-488.

17. Lust RM, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Opiate effects on coronary flow responses to acute occlusion. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1987;76:IV-373.

18. Lust RM, Morrison RF, Austin EH, Chapman SF, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Chronic cyanosis and regulation of coronary vascular flow distribution. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1988;78(suppl 2):II-445.

19. Skipper ER, Lust RM, Morrison RF, Sun YS, Austin EH, Chitwood Jr WR. Superior protection of severe hypertrophy using retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1988;78(suppl 2):II-184.

20. Lust RM, Kasagi Y, Morrison RF, Sun YS, Austin EH, Chitwood Jr WR. Residual sternal ischemia following median sternotomy repair despite retention of one intact internal mammary artery. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1988;78(suppl 2):II-477.

21. Smith MD, Harrison MR, Kandil H, Chitwood Jr WR, Salley R, Kwan OL, DeMaria AN. Overestimation of regurgitant jet area by transesophageal as compared to transthoracic color doppler. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;13(suppl A):68A.

22. Lust RM, Chapman SF, Morrison RF, Etemad-Moghadam R, Chitwood Jr WR, Austin EH. Possible mechanisms of cocaine-induced sudden cardiac death. FASEB J. 1989;3(pt 1):A407. Abstract 1054.

23. Chien S, Oeltgen PR, Diana JN, Todd EP, O'Connor WN, Chitwood Jr WR. Hibernation induction trigger extended effective organ preservation time in a new autoperfusion multiorgan preparation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;13(suppl A):63A.

24. Austin EH, Chapman SF, Morrison RF, Chitwood Jr WR, Lust RM. Evidence for right ventricular ischemia during tension pneumothorax. Chest. 1989;96:238.

25. Lust RM, Sun YS, Etemad-Moghadam R, Chitwood Jr WR. Early formation of amaroid induced coronary collateral vessels is attenuated in severe left ventricular hypertrophy. FASEB J. 1990;4(pt 2):A946.

26. Lust RM, Sun YS, Chitwood, WR Jr. Increased sternal infection rate and delayed revascularization following bilateral internal mammary artery use. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1990;82(suppl 3):III-295.

27. Lust RM, Chunguang Li, Chitwood Jr WR. Coronary occlusion produces changes in vasodilator properties in adjacent, normally perfused vessels. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1990;82(suppl 3):III-378.

28. Chitwood Jr WR. Clinical results of automated nitroprusside infusion: a multicenter prospective study. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1990;82(suppl 3):III-508.

29. Hopson SB, Lust RM, Zeri RS, Sun YS, Dennis KJ, Otaki M, Chitwood Jr WR. Canine model for simultaneous differential evaluation of physiologic factors regulating induction of vascular proliferation in arterializing vein grafts. J Invest Surg. 1991;5:263.

30. Lust RM, Chunguang L, Chitwood Jr WR. Coronary responses to adenosine are altered in receptor specific (A) fashion with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1991;84:II-264.

31. Lust RM, Chunguang L, Chitwood Jr WR. Compensatory nonischemic wall motion during a acute coronary occlusion is attenuated by significant pre-existing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1991;84:II-617.

32. Datillo JB, Lust RM, Deng Q, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Early changes in the endothelium and adrenergic-mediated responsiveness of veins used as thoracic arterial bypass grafts. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19:159A.

33. Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR. Mechanical restitution patterns predict transition from stable left ventricular hypertrophy to decompensated failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19:317A.

34. Simpson J, Lust RM, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Evidence for a pulmonary microvascular injury with separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. ASAIO J. 1992;21:60.

35. Lust RM, Bode AP, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Effect of platelet vesiculation on heparin monitoring in extracorporeal bypass circuits. ASAIO J. 1992;21:60.

36. Otaki M, Lust RM, Sun YS, Norton TO, Spence PA, Chitwood Jr WR. Bilateral vs. single internal mammary artery (IMA) grafting for left main coronary artery occlusion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:343A.

37. Pabst SJ, Lust RM, Jolly SR, Sun YS, Dennis KJ, Chitwood Jr WR. Disparate effects of ischemic preconditioning in left ventriular hypertrophy. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1993;88:I-538.

38. Lust RM, Pabst SJ, Jolly SR, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Recovery from transient regional ischemia (stun) is enhanced by chronic cyanosis. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1994;90:I-148.

39. Call KD, Lust RM, Azari KK, Sun YS, Otaki M, Chitwood Jr WR. Ischemia induced proto-oncogene expression is impaired in severely hypertrophied canine ventricular myocardium. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1994;90:I-426.

40. Sun YS, Lust RM, Rock DT, Call KD, Otaki M, Chitwood Jr WR. The importance of blood flow measurements in occlusive, anesthetized models of brain death. J Invest Surg. 1994;7:371.

41. Otaki M, Lust RM, Sun YS, Norton TO, Call KD, Rock DT, Chitwood Jr WR. Does proximal or distal placement of a supplemental vein graft have different effects on ITA flow or distal perfusion? J Invest Surg. 1994;7:363.

42. Otaki M, Lust RM, Sun YS, Norton TO, Spence PA, Zeri RS, Hopson SL, B. Chitwood Jr WR.: Bilateral vs single internal thoracic artery grafting for left main coronary artery occlusion. Chest. 1994 Oct; 106(4): 1260-3.

43. Norton TO, Lust RM, Otaki M, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Autogenous fascia tube grafts in the treatment of infected abdominal aortic grafts. ASAIO J. 1995;41:21.

44. Otaki M, Lust RM, Call KD, Rock DT, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Effects of Gore-tex shunt between both vena cavae of the recipient heart in experimental orthotopic heart/bilateral lung transplantation completed "off pump". ASAIO J. 1995;41:111.

45. Lust RM, Rock DT, Otaki M, Sun YS, Brockbank KG, Chitwood Jr WR. Small diameter cryopreserved saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass grafts: procurement technique and yearly patency. ASAIO J. 1995;41:111.

46. Lust, RM, Bode A, Yang L, Hodges WH, Chitwood Jr WR. In-line leukocyte filtration during bypass: clinical results from a randomized prospective trial. ASAIO J. 1996;42-63.

47. Meadows Jr WM, Elbeery JR, Lust RM, Meadows LW, Parker FM, Swanson M, Chitwood Jr WR. Morbid obesity: a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting. Chest. 1996;110:207S.

48. DeMaria AN, Chitwood Jr WR, Williams DO, et al. Regional variations in coronary revascularization: comparison of bypass surgery to angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27:331A.

49. Eskew TD, Philpott JM, Elbeery JR, Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass vs. standard coronary artery bypass grafting. Chest. 1997;112:41S-42S.

50. Ramagopal MV, Chitwood Jr WR. Evidence for an A2 adenosine receptor in human coronary arteries. Eur J Pharmacol. 1988 July 14; 151(3):483-6

51. Kim VB, Brown Jr PM, Gersh KA, Sun YS, Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR. A carotid stenosis model in canines. J Invest Surg. 1998;11:227.

52. Brown Jr PM, Kim VB, Boyer BJ, Lust, RM, Chitwood Jr WR, Elbeery JR. Regional left ventricular systolic function in man during off pump coronary bypass surgery. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1998;98:I-408.

53. Philpott JM, Eskew TD, Kim VB, Brown Jr PM, Wixon CL, Foreman BH, Fairbrother SN, Sun YS, Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR. Chronic hypertension compromises cerebral blood flow and metabolism in dogs during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1998;98:I-517.

54. Kim VB, Brown Jr PM, Philpott JM, Eskew TD, Sun YS, Gersh KA, Lust RM, Chitwood Jr WR. Cerebral metabolism and blood flow autoregulation are compromised during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs with severe carotid artery stenosis. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 1998;98:I-685.

55. Ng P, Miraliakbari R, Taterosian B, Kim V, Philpott J, Swanson M, Sun Y, Lust R, Chitwood Jr WR. Deliberate hypotension preserves oxygen delivery in vital end-organs during hemorrhagic shock. Shock. 1999;11:73.

56. Miraliakbari R, Philpott JM, Lust RM, Ng PC, Kim VB, Swanson MS, Sun YS, Chitwood Jr WR. Safety of delayed resuscitation as shown by organ-specific oxygen delivery. J Surg Res. 1999;86:302..

57. Chitwood Jr WR, McCotter, Sun YS, Philpott JM. Benefits of cardipulmonary bypass on cerebral perfusion. ASAIO J. 2000;46:2.

58. Miraliakbari R, Ng P, Philpott J, Taterosian B, Kim V, Brown P, Swanson M, Sun Y, Lust R, Chitwood Jr WR. Cerebral viability after gade IV hemorrhage: is immediate fluid resuscitation necessary? Shock. 2000;13 (supple 2):62.

59. Albrecht RJ, Kim VB, Young JA, Sun YS, Bradfield JR, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Degradation of abdominal aorta elastin fibers after adventitial application of porcine elastase. J Invest Surg. 2000;13:226.

60. Kim VB, Albrecht RJ, Young JA, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Comparison of methylene blue and norepinephrine during severe hypovolemic shock in dogs. J Invest Surg. 2000;13:227.

61. Kim VB, Albrecht RJ, Young JA, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Effects of methylene blue on tissue perfusion during septic shock in dogs. J Surg Res. 2000;93:375.

62. Shackelford DP, Daniels S, Hoffman MK, Chitwood Jr WR. Estrogen therapy in women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: effect on surgical complications. Obstet Gynecol. 2000 May; 95(5): 732-5

63. Young JA, Estrada CA, Dixon VJ, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Perioperative hyperglycemia is associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Circ J Am Heart Assoc. 2001;104(suppl 2):II-832.

64. Albrecht RJ, Kim VB, Young JA, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR, Chapman WH. Computer enhanced robotically assisted Nissen fundoplication in swine. Surg Endosc. 2001;15:S106.

65. Chapman WH, Albrecht RJ, Kim VB, Young JA, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Computer enhanced robotically assisted telemanipulative cholecytectomy. Surg Endosc. 2001;15:S114.

66. Young JA, Chapman III WHH, Albrecht RJ, Kim VB, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Initial patient series with a robotic assisted Nissen fundoplication. Surg Endosc. 2001;15(suppl 1):S175.

67. Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive aortic valve surgery: What is "port access?" Am Heart J. 2001. Sep; 142(3):391-2.

68. Maziarz DM, Chu VF, Conquest AM, Garofalo JH, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Use of nitinol U-clips decreases time for annuoplasty band placement in robotic mitral valve repairs. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;196:S22.

69. Zimmerman-Klima PM, Philpott JM, Elbeery JR, Lalikos JF, Chitwood Jr WR. Combined minimally invasive mitral valve repair and direct coronary artery bypass: a new alternative to sternotomy. Chest, 2002 July; 122(1):344-7.

70. Reade CC, Bower CE, Maziarz DM, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Nitinol U-clips in robotic assisted mitral valve repair: a sheep model. Heart Surg Forum. 2003;6:118.

71. Argenziano M, Oz MC, DeRose Jr JJ, Ashton Jr RC, Beck J, Wang F, Chitwood Jr WR, Nifong LW, Dimitui J, Rose EA, Smith Jr CR. Totally endoscopic atrial septal defect repair with robotic assistance. Heart Surg Forum. 2003; 5(3):294-300.

72. Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Challenges for the anesthesiologist: robotics? Anesth Analg. 2003; 96(1):1-2.

73. Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic mitral valve surgery. Surg Clin North Am. 2003; 83(6):1387-403.

74. Chitwood Jr WR. The Sabiston heritage: excellence in surgical education. Ann Surg. 2003 Dec; 238 (6 Suppl):S3-17.

75. Conquest AM, Garofalo JH, Maziarz DM, Mendelson KG, Sun YS, Wooden WA, Meadows WM, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Hemodynamic effects of the vacuum-assisted closure device on open mediastinal wounds. J Surg Res. 2003 Dec; 115(2):209-13.

76. Bolotin G, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR: Robotically-assisted left atrial fibrillation ablation and mitral valve repair through a mini-thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg. Oct; 78(4):e63-4.

77. Felger JE, Reade CC, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robot-assisted sutureless minimally invasive mitral valve repair. Surg Technol Int. 2004: 12:185-7.

78. Kypson AP, Felger JE, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotics in valvular surgery: 2003 and beyond. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2004 Mar; 19(2): 128-33.

79. Bolotin G, Scott WW, Austin TC, Charland PJ, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Salleng KC, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic skeletonizing of the internal thoracic artery: is is safe? Ann Thorac Surg. 2004 Apr:77(4):1262-5.

80. Bolotin G, Kypson AP, Reade CC, Chu VF, Freund WL, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Should a video-assisted mini-thoracotomy be the approach of choice for reoperative mitral valve surgery. J Heart Valve Dis. 2004 March: 13(2):155-8; discussion 158.

81. Ghiassi S, Sun YS, Kim VB, Scott CM, Nifong LW, Rotondo MF, Chitwood Jr WR. Methylene blude enhancement of resuscitation after refractory hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma. 2004 Sept:57(3):515-21.

82. Rodgriquez E, Kypson AP, Moten SC, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic Mitral Surgery at East Carolina University: a 6 year experience. Int J Med Robotics Comput Assist Surg 2006; 2: 211-215.

SURGICAL MOTION PICTURES:

1. Elbeery JR, Chitwood Jr WR. Intraoperative mammary arteriography of MIDCAB grafts via the radial artery. Presented at: 84th Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons; October 26, 1998; Orlando Fla.

2. Nifong LW, Cohn WE, Chitwood Jr WR. Use of continuous pledget chain for prosthetic valve implantation. Presented at: Annual Meeting of NewEra Cardiac Care; January 4, 2000; San Diego, Calif

3. Young JA, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Ligation of left coronary to left ventricle fistula using robot assisted videoscopy. Presented at: Annual Meeting of the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association; Novermber 8, 2000; Marco Island, Fla.

4. Chitwood Jr WR. First complete totally endoscopic mitral valve reapir in North America. Presented at: Annual Meeting of NewEra Cardiac Care; January 4, 2001; Dana Point, Calif.

5. Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. A complex mitral valve repair using a robotic surgical system. Presented at: Fourth Annual Meeting of NewEra Cardiac Care; January 5, 2001; Dana Point, Calif.

6. Nifong LW, Elbeery JR, Chitwood Jr WR. A complete mitral valve repair using a robotic surgical system. Presented at: Annual Meeting of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons; January 29, 2001; New Orleans, La.

7. Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic mitral valve surgery: a videoscopic future. Presented at: 87th Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons; October 9, 2001; New Orleans, La.

8. Nifong LW, Chu V, Chitwood Jr WR. Innovative suture technology in mitral valve surgery. Presented at: Fifth Annual Meeting of NewEra Cardiac Care, January 4, 2002; Dana Point, Calif.

9. Chu VF, Nifong LW, Young JA, Sorrell VL, Chitwood Jr WR. Alfieri mitral valve repair using da Vinci robot. Presented at: Annual Meeting of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons; January 29, 2002; Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

10. Reade CC, Bower CE, Maziarz DM, Conquest AM, Sun YS, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Nitinol U-clips in robotic assisted mitral valve repair: a sheep model. Sixth Annual Meeting of NewEra Cardiac Car; January 4, 2003; Laguna Nigel, Calif.

11. Bolotin G, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Video-assisted mitral valve repair and left atrial ablation through a right mini-thoracotomy. Sixth Annual Meeting of NewEra Cardiac Care; January 4, 2003: Laguna Nigel, Calif.

12. Reade CC, Bower CE, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Minimally invasive robotic microwave atrial fibrillation ablation with mitral valve repair. CTSNet. Availabe at: http://www.ctsnet.org/realmedia/vg2003-chitwood-afib.ram. Accessed May 30, 2003.

13. Reade CC, Bower CE, Bailey BM, Kypson AP, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Robotic Mitral Valve Annuloplasty Utilizing Doubl Arm Nitinol U-clips. CTSNet (motion picture) Accessed April 20, 2004.

14. Reade CC, Koutlas TC, Bower CE, Moran JF, Rose JD, Sang Jr CJ, Chitwood Jr WR. Retrocardiac Ascending Aorta to Descending Aorta Bypass: A Safe Alternative for Repair of Coarctation of the Aorta in High-Risk Patients. Southern Thoracic Surgical Association 51st Annual Meeting, November 5, 2004: Cancun, Mexico.

15. Masroor S, Nifong LW, Chitwood Jr WR. Complex Bileaflet Mitral Valve Repair (Barlow's) Using the Da Vinci Robotic Surgical System. International Society for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Annual Meeting. June 2005.

BOOK REVIEWS:

1. Chitwood Jr WR, reviewer. Ann Surg. 1985;201:252. Review of: Ellis H, ed. Famous Operations.

2. Chitwood Jr WR, reviewer. Ann Surg. 1985;203:447-448. Review of: Waldhausen JA, Pierce WS, eds. Johnson's Surgery of the Chest. 5th ed.

3. Chitwood Jr WR, reviewer. Ann Surg. 1990;211:103. Review of: Symbas PN, ed. Cardiothoracic Trauma. 2nd ed.

4. Chitwood Jr WR, reviewer. As Cardiovasc Thorac Ann. 2000;8:94. Review of: Walker WS, ed. Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery.